Saturday, December 28, 2019

“The Tyger” by William Blake - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1171 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Literature Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Poem Essay William Blake Essay Did you like this example? â€Å"The Tyger† by William Blake Now seen as one of the most prominent figures of poetry and visual arts during the Romantic Age, William Blake was an outcast during his time and often thought to be crazy due to his radical views on religion and theology. Although he was Christian, his family rejected the generally accepted form of Christianity and going to church. While he was young, Blake claimed to have seen and interacted with the angel Gabriel, the Virgin Mary and the spirit of his deceased brother, Robert Blake. Because of these divine experiences he had so early in his life, he believed that everyone could communicate with God through good deeds, imagination and prayer and that there was no need to go to church to reaffirm this relationship. He believed that the church was solely a political institution and that it acted as a middle-man that interfered with someone’s connection with God. Blake’s views on religion greatly influenced many of his works, including â€Å"The Tyger† which was a part of his â€Å"Songs of Innocence and Experience Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul. â€Å"The Tyger† is composed of six stanzas and has a rhyme scheme of AABB, which makes it easy to read. The meter is regular and rhythmic and can be associated with the pounding and banging of a blacksmith and his tools, as described in stanza four of the poem. In â€Å"The Tyger,† William Blake questions the nature of God and faith. He asks two important rhetorical questions in the poem; Does God create both good and evil? If so what right does God have to do this? The poem is a cycle of questioning the creator of the tiger, discussing how it could have been created, and back to questioning the creator. The theme of the poem is the tiger and who created it. Was it the same God that created the gentle and innocent lamb? Or was it a much darker force, perhaps even Satan? For some Christians there is no need for such questioning; they believe God made Lucifer beautiful and perfect just as He made Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, but like Adam, Lucifers own indiscretion were what changed him to what he has become. Other people, like William Blake, wonder, If God is such a compassionate, loving, caring God, why would He make such a horrifying and wicked being who causes so much harm in the world? Through vivid imagery, symbolism, and metaphors William Blake explores the question of whether or not God creates evil as well as good in the world. Right from the beginning of the poem, readers are slammed with imagery that conjures a picture of a tiger with fur blazing like fire, lighting up a dark forest. The fact that the tiger can illuminate a forest in the dead of night gives the idea that the tiger is very powerful and not like other animals. Blake then goes on to describe the tiger’s burning eyes, filled with an intense fire that should be feared by all of its prey. The fire in t he eyes of the tiger creates a negative image of the tiger, that it is a wicked and fearsome beast. Blake also illustrates a large furnace that was used to craft the tiger’s brain. When reading this, you can feel the heat given off by the scorching fire and see the blacksmith reaching into the flames with his tongs and extract the brain that gives the tiger its life. Symbolism plays a huge part in how this poem portrays its message to readers. The tiger, having fire in its eyes and a brain created in a furnace, is the most obvious symbol that represents evil. Blake is not merely looking at an animal and wondering how it was made, but he is using the animal allegorically. Blake speaks directly to the tiger, an animal that lives in dark, secret places; in the forests of the night. The fierceness and cunningness of the tiger that lurks in the darkness seeking out its prey is a metaphor that gives the reader a vivid mental picture of who believers call Satan. The lamb symboli zes good in the world and also refers one of Blake’s earlier poems, â€Å"The Lamb,† which was included in the â€Å"Songs of Innocence† collection. Just as the tiger could represent Satan, the Lamb, which Blake capitalizes in his poem, could be a representation of Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God. The last line of the fifth stanza actually states the central question that is explored throughout the poem; â€Å"Did he who made the lamb make thee? † This poses the question as to whether God, who has created everything good and beautiful in the world, could also be capable of making such an evil and frightening beast as the tiger. Up until the speaker poses this question, the poem has been pointing towards Satan being behind the creation of the tiger. It is not until this question is asked that the idea that God is ultimately responsible for the creation of good as well as evil is presented. There is a reference to a hammer, chain, furnace and an anvil t hat is an extended metaphor comparing the creator of the tiger to a blacksmith. The idea that a blacksmith forged the tiger with his furnace and tools gives the reader the idea of the creator being very deliberate in fashioning every aspect of the creature. It also ties in with the fire references throughout the poem and solidifies the notion that the speaker thinks the tiger may have been created within fire, possibly the fires of hell. Blake compares the eyes of the tiger to a distant fire that only someone with wings could reach, someone such as an angel, either good or bad. It also asks who would â€Å"dare seize the fire? † The speaker is inquiring as to who would be so brave as to dare to put their hands in such a fire that the tiger surely has been created with. All of the questions that Blake poses in this poem are left unanswered only invoke more questions. Blake leaves it up to the reader to come to their own conclusions about good and evil as well as who is behi nd it. To me, there is further depth than simply the creation of evil by God. I think the poem touches one of the most troubling issue that racks the brain of all theologians. How can God allow, for example, the death of an innocent child through famine in Niger? The change in the poem from simply a capable creator to a brave creator suggests that Blake saw and appreciated that a brave creator knew the need for misery in the world as well as job. Blake does a superb job stimulating the mind to go beyond what is known and to question the mysterious origins of the world and all that is in it. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "â€Å"The Tyger† by William Blake" essay for you Create order

Friday, December 20, 2019

The Black Woman By Simone De Beauvoir Essay - 2349 Words

Black women in America today are embracing their natural hair like no other time. The term â€Å"natural† is often defined differently to the natural hair community than other races. We as black women are making it a point that our hair is beautiful in the way that each hair follicle grows into the various hair textures among us. For many African American women, natural hair is a way to protest society’s expectations of beauty and create a new standard of what it means. This includes the right to wear one’s natural hair as it grows without chemicals to process it and conform to society’s expectations. Consequently, the idea that â€Å"natural hair† is â€Å"unprofessional† in any setting is baffling. The ultimate goal intended here is to further analyze the idea of natural hair as a part of culture and thus a big part of the identity of the black woman. I will first turn to Simone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex to which she argues that every force in society conspires to deprive women of their own individuality and compress the female gender into a category only capable of mere housework, bearing children, and being sexually submissive to their partners. Then I will focus on W. E. B DuBois’ text The Souls of Black Folks and discuss his idea of double consciousness to further the complexity of the identity of the black woman. These two ideas will allow me to demonstrate that working African American women are a product of subjectivity in corporate America because it is a world dictated byShow MoreRelatedSimone De Beauvoir s View Of A Woman, Black And White, Jew And Gentile1463 Words   |  6 PagesIn my opinion, Simone de Beauvoir’s quote stressed that using specific characteristics to define certain groups of people was a dangerous practice. To me, Beauvoir’s model of identity is one of great diversity. When reading her work, it was evident that she thinks that all humans are multi-faceted, a nd should not be defined by one certain characteristic. Beauvoir believed there was no one way to be a woman, a person of color, or a Jew. Each group exhibits an array of qualities that make up individualsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Second Sex By Simone De Beauvoir1679 Words   |  7 PagesSimone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex is an essential text for feminist writing, and constructs the foundation for the inclusion of transgendered and queer women in feminist ideology and epistemology through the use of non-biological definitions, anti-categorical ambitions, and anti-socially normative language. A distinctive and poignant characteristic of de Beauvoir’s work is the intrinsic absence of definition through biological terminology. De Beauvoir attempts to avoid categorizing all women throughRead MoreThoughts on Characteristics of Race and Gender: Du Bois vs. De Beauvoir1146 Words   |  5 PagesDu Bois versus De Beauvoir: Essential characteristics of race and gender In the debate over equality for both African-Americans and women, the question of nature versus nurture inevitably arises. Although most authors acknowledge that there are differences between these historically discriminated-against groups and members of the hegemonic culture, the origin of those differences has been hotly debated. While the African-American intellectual W.E.B Du Bois was inclined to conceptualize African-AmericansRead MoreSimone De Beauvoir And Frantz Fanon And The Oppression Of Women1649 Words   |  7 Pagesgeneral education. With the view of the minority so firmly permeating society’s mind, the voice of the minority falls to the wayside. Simone de Beauvoir, Frantz Fanon, and Michel Foucault all seek to establish a voice for the minority, and a path to freedom and liberation from the dominance of the normalized majority. In her work â€Å"The Second Sex.† De Beauvoir tackles the oppression of women. While not a minority, women are written out of society by a more dominant male society, and experienceRead MoreAuthors Such As W.E.B. Du Bois And Simone De Beauvoir,1695 Words   |  7 PagesAuthors such as W.E.B. Du Bois and Simone de Beauvoir, who wrote on the oppression of people agree that there is a mental oppression the acts as one of the biggest obstacles to freedom for oppressed groups. The oppression of black people and women are similar in fundamental ways because they are viewed as inferior and the ways they are controlled and limited by another, dominant group which makes it easy to apply the concept of the Veil to both of them. Du Bois introduces the concept of the VeilRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Black Female Sexuality1411 Words   |  6 Pagesacted out and performed. Furthermore, Simone de Beauvoir’s, The Second Sex hugely became an influential book during the second wave feminism, which involved sexuality, family, workplace, reproductive rights, etc. In her book, women are perceived as the  "other,† as a default sex. She distinguishes sex and gender and states that gender is gradually acquired. Lastly, I will explore sexuality briefly and Annecka Marshall’s study of the social construction of black female sexuality, and how women controlRead MoreWomens Position in the Patriarchal Society Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagesmale and female are not equal? Being a woman brought up in a developing country, I have experienced the effects of this societal dichotomy. Thus, I would like to delineate this aspect of the division in the society by using the Feminist Theory to analyze women’s position in the Patriarchal society and I am choosing Simone de Beauvoir as my theorist. Feminist theory is similar to critical theory which focuses on social status of two genders i.e. man and woman in the Patriarchal societies. Its mainRead More Is The Second Sex Beauvoirs Application of Sartrean Existentialism?3713 Words   |  15 PagesIs The Second Sex Beauvoirs Application of Sartrean Existentialism? ABSTRACT: Simone de Beauvoirs 1949 feminist masterpiece, The Second Sex, has traditionally been read as an application of Sartrean existentialism to the problem of women. Critics have claimed a Sartrean origin for Beauvoirs central theses: that under patriarchy woman is the Other, and that one is not born a woman, but becomes one. An analysis of Beauvoirs recently discovered 1927 diary, written while she was a philosophyRead MoreGender And Sex Are Kindred, But They re Not1418 Words   |  6 Pagesour true self. Simone de Beauvoir once said â€Å"One is not born a woman, but becomes one†. We learn to become an individual, we see what we look at, but the way we see things is affected by what we know. What if we don’t know? We’re born with curiosity, to explore the world to become a person, female or male, white or black, gay or straight, it only defines us because that’s biology, but gender isn’t biology, its knowledge we come across.The Second Sex (1949), Simone de Beauvoir challenged this predominantRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Science936 Words   |  4 Pagesreverberations of a society each has created. Pioneers of the field such as Simone de Beauvoir and Frantz Fanon used this existentialist idealism as an argument for the advancement of women’s rights as well as the destruction of colonialism. Fanon led his own battle in the years following the Second World War in support of the decolonization still plaguing many countries, namely French-held Algeria. In his 1952 work Black Skin, White Masks, Fanon sought to explain the dilemma of self-identification

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Commercial Law Undergraduate Law Education â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Commercial Law Undergraduate Law Education? Answer: Introducation The principles of law contract need to be applied in this question. In case of the law of contract, there are no specific legislations or rules. Instead, it is based on the set of principles that define the rights and duties of the parties who have entered into the contract therefore, ensuring that the parties to the contract should not breach the legal provisions (Henkel, 2014). The law provides that each promise made by the parties forms of concentration for the other party. In this way, when a proposal has been accepted by the other party is known as a promise. Keeping in view the above mentioned in relation of the contract, it is significant to understand that a valid contract is created only when the elements of offer and acceptance are present. In this way, offer and the acceptance of the offer can be described as the essential elements required for a contract (Frisch, 2014). Keeping in view the relevant case law, in the present case, there is an offer and several agreements to be offer. Therefore in the above-mentioned case, an offer has been made by Alan. He wanted to advertise this book, "introduction to business law". This book is used in the "Commercial law" paper. He has posted a notice on his Facebook page on November 1, declaring his intention to sell the book. He was asking for a price of $200 for the book. At the same time, he had also mentioned that the deadline to make debate before the book was November, 5. The offer was accepted by Bernard. He replied through post, declaring his intention to accept the offer. But Alan did not give any response to Bernard. Under these circumstances, Alan received the money sent by Bernard through courier on November 4. On November 7, Alan gave the original book to Bernard. He stated that his nodes have been written in the book itself. On the other hand Charleen is the younger sister of Alan. She also saw the message posted by Alan on his Facebook page to sell the book. She also wanted to purchase the book for $200. However Alan did not consider the acceptance of the offer by Charleen to be serious. He thought that Charleen was too young to read the book. Therefore, he was thinking about something else then he nodded his head in return of the acceptance of the offer by Charleen. A contract has been created between Alan and Charleen when Charleen left $200 on his table. This amounts to the formation of an agreement. Damien had also expressed his interest in purchasing the book. On November 4, Damien visited Alan and gave $2000 in cash to Alan. This money was taken by Alan and he promised that he will give the material to Damien on November 7. The next day, he was just a similar book from the shop and gave it to Damien along with his handwritten notes. As in the present case,. At the actual contract has not been created between Alan and Bernard, the acceptance of the money by Alan and later on giving the book to Bernard on 7 November is a wrong act of Alan. Later on, it was discovered that the book was provided free of cost by Kaplan Higher Education. Under these circumstances, it can be said that Bernard can claim compensation from Alan for the fake acceptance of the offer. Bernard had responded in return of the offers made by Alan on November 1. He expressed his interest in purchasing the commercial law book. Although initially, Alan had showed his intention to sell the book for $200, but Bernard made a counteroffer according to which he was ready to purchase the book for $150 Therefore, the offer has been made in return of the initial offer. However, such offer is not acceptable under the law. A counteroffer can be described as the revision of the first offer to make the offer more attractive and presentable. However, when a comparable is made, it is up to the offeror to decide the offer or not. When a counter offer is made by a person, the other person is at liberty to accept or reject the offer (Neumann, 2014). The party making the counteroffer cannot force the other party to accept the offer (Calliess Buchmann, 2016). In the present case, a counter offer has been made by Bernard to Alan. Alan had not expressly rejected or accepted the offer clearly. On 3 November, Bernard gives the payment to Alan and hosted an amount of $200 to him. The money was received by Alan and he delivered the textbook to Bernard. The poster who can be described as an exception to the rule related with counteroffer. Therefore, in view of the postal rule, when the money was posted by Bernard, a contract has been created between Alan and Bernard. But in the present case, Bernard was sure regarding his acceptance of the offer may dwell in regarding the book. Moreover, he paid for the book proposed and later on Alan also delivered the work (Zheng, 2013). In this case the legal position of Bernard is vacant as there is no contract between him and Alan. The counteroffer made by Bernard was not accepted by Alan. For example, in Hyde v. Wrench, it was held by the court that in case of the initial offer made by the offeror, there is no legal obligation to accept the counteroffer. Hence it can be concluded in this question that a valid contract was not present between Alan and Bernard. In this case, Charleen was the younger sister of Alan. She also wanted to purchase and read the book on commercial law. Therefore, she agreed to pay the money to Alan on November 6. Alan simply nodded his head when Charleen expressed her desire to purchase the book. At that time, Alan was thinking about his favorite football team. Hence, Alan was not in the proper sense when Charleen had expressed her acceptance of the offer. The issue that arises in this case is if a valid contract has been created between Allen and Charleen. It can be assumed that Charleen was studying in O level, therefore she would not be more than 16 or 17 years old. Therefore, she was still a minor. The law of contract provides that a valid contract cannot be created with a minor. In Bowling v. Sperry , the court stated that the participation of a minor in a contract has to be treated as void even if an adult was also involved in such transaction. Similarly, in the present case, because Alan and Charleen were brother and sister, the court may consider that the contract was merely a social or domestic agreement, not enforceable by law. Therefore they cannot sue each other for the breach of contract. At the same time, return of the offer made by Charleen, Alan had only nodded his head to accept the offer but he was not in a good state of mind. He had merely nodded ambiguously, and there were no further negotiations. Hence, it can be r esumed in this case that the agreement between Charleen and Alan was purely domestic in nature and as a result, a valid contract was not present between. Damien was a friend of Bernard. He managed to get the phone number of Allen and made a counteroffer through SMS. Damien gave the price of the book to Allen on 4 November and on 7 November, Alan gave the book as well as the other notes to Damien. In the present case, this contract between David and Allen is a valid contract. It has all the elements required for a valid contract. The following elements have to be present in order to create a valid contract. These are offer, acceptance, consideration, invention and legal relation. As compare to Bernard and Charleen, only the agreement with Damien contains all the elements of a valid contract. Hence, it can be concluded that a valid contract exists between Alan and Damien. Because a counter offer was made by Bernard and it was not accepted by Alan at the view of the postal rule, the contract between them was not valid. Similarly, due to the reason that Charleen was a minor, she did not have the capacity to form a valid contract. Bernard and Damien found on November 23 that the Commercial law book was provided free of cost by Kaplan. Another misrepresentation made by Alan in his initial offer was that he had secured a high distinction grade while in reality, he could only get 'credit' grade in the examination. Moreover, Alan also claimed that he will get the additional nodes with the book. But he did not gave the additional notes with the book to Bernard. Under these circumstances, Damien can take action against Alan for making misrepresentations regarding the cost of the book. As a valid contract was not formed between Bernard and Alan, he can only claim compensation from Alan. On the other hand, Damien may file a suit for damages on claim compensation from Alan. The lock on it provides that if a party to the contract has breached the contract, in such a case the other party may file a suit and claim compensation or damages. The cost of the damage on the compensation has to be estimated, keeping in view the loss suffered by such party (Tepe, 2014). Some of the different dispute resolution methods available to the parties include mediation, arbitration and conciliation as well as litigation. In case of the process of mediation, an unbiased third party assists the parties to the dispute to reach a voluntary settlement of the dispute. In this way, mediation provides an informal, confidential and a friendly way to settle the dispute between the parties (Peng, 2013). This method helps in resolving a conflict, whether it is commercial or personal. In this method, the mediator presides over the proceedings. Mediator also helps the parties in communicating with each other, which allows the parties to find a resolution to the dispute. The mediator also helps in exploring the practical and legal solutions available to the parties and finds the solution that is acceptable to both. The process of arbitration is more formal. In case of arbitration proceedings, the rules of evidence and trial are generally relaxed and flexible. An arbitrator presides over the proceedings between the parties. The arbitrator also delivers his decision in writing. The decision is binding for the parties to the dispute (Rosen, 2014). In case of arbitration, if the is not binding, an appeal may be filed by the parties in the trial court for settling the dispute. The method of arbitration is most notable in cases where the parties do not want lengthy and expensive proceedings like a trial (Hurst, 2012). Another method, generally used by the parties to resolve disputes, is that the litigation. Litigation takes place in a court. It is a formal process where a suit is filed by the plaintiff against the defendant. Legal advisers are hired by both plaintiff and the defendant to present a set of rules and evidence in support of their case before the jury. The verdict of the court is final and is binding for the parties. However, the party that has lost the case may file an appeal in a higher court. It is generally considered that litigation is time-consuming and costly method. But at the same time, it is also the most transparent and fair method. The parties are bound by the decision given by the court. However, it is recommended that first of all the parties should try to resolve the dispute by using alternative dispute resolution methods before going for litigation (Huang Tseng, 2014). References Ayub, M. (2012). A Comprehensive Glossary of Terms in Islamic Commercial LawBusiness, Banking, and Finance.Journal of Islamic Business and Management Vol,2(2) Beckers, A., Kornet, N., Oosterhuis, J., Akkermans, B., Hage, J., Smits, J. (2015). Who does what in commercial law? The case for a multi-actor and multi-level approach to regulating business transactions.Who does what in European private law?, 125-175. Bowling v. Sperry, 133 Ind. App. 692, 184 N.E.2d 901 (1962). Calliess, G. P., Buchmann, I. (2016). Global Commercial Law between Unity, Pluralism, and Competition: The Case of the CISG. Frisch, D. (2014). The Commercial Law of Intellectual Property. Henkel, C. (2014). Personal Guarantees and Sureties between Commercial Law and Consumers in the United States.American Journal of Comparative Law,62(Supplement 1), 333-359. Huang, M. J., Tseng, W. R. (2014). Taiwans National Report: Codification in East Asia: Commercial Law. InCodification in East Asia(pp. 131-136). Springer International Publishing. Hurst, J. B. (2012). De Facto Supremacy: Supreme Court Control of State Commercial Law.Virginia Law Review, 691-728. Hyde v Wrench[1840]EWHC Ch J90 Liao, Z. (2012). Book Review: Understanding commercial Law. Neumann, T. (2014). International Commercial Law from a Nordic and Baltic Perspective: Status and Current Challenges.Nordic Journal of Commercial Law, (2). Peng, S. O. N. G. (2013). COMMERCIAL INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION ON ARTICLE 72 OF THE CORPORATION LAW.Journal of Yunmeng,4, 035. Rosen, K. (2014). Company Law and the Law of Succession Droit Commercial/Commercial Law.American Journal of Comparative Law,62(Supplement 1), 387-405. Tepe, B. (2014). Intermediate Appellate Review of Commercial Law Decisions in Turkey.EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal,4(1), 59-71. Yau, B., Johnstone, A. (2014). Focus grouping attitudes towards commercial law in three legal communities: comparing attitudes of professional legal training students to those of undergraduates and early career commercial lawyers. Zheng, C. (2013). On the Reform of the Course of Science of Commercial Law in the Undergraduate Law Education: Taking the Reform of the Course of Science of Commercial Law in He'nan University of Technology as an Example.The Science Education Article Collects,8, 018.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Leadership of Graeme Hart Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Style of Graeme Hart. Answer: Leadership holds a different meaning in different scenarios. In general terms leadership can be defined as the process in which an individual influences the behaviour of the group to achieve a common goal (Northouse2015). According to the literature present on leadership it is evident that leadership theories have evolved over the time but none of them is completely. The reasons responsible for the changes in leadership concept are situations, working environment, cultures, new laws, growing organisational complexities, context, psycho- social development and information overload (Nawaz Khan, 2016).Every leader has its unique style of leadership. Style of every leader is guided by some or the other leadership theory. Hart is the kind of person who has not given any interview to press of New Zealand in about a decade. He has a family of 4 including a wife and two children. He can be termed as self-made man. Today, Graeme Hart is the richest New Zealand's richest person listed in the Forbes magazine (NZ Herald, 2017). He usually acquires underperforming businesses that manufactures everyday products like water bottles, milk bottles, foils and paper (Forbes, 2017). He is the owner of Rank Group Investments Ltd., Carter Holt Harvey Ltd. and Reynolds Group Holdings Ltd (Bloomberg, 2016). He is the kind of person who generally prefers to stay away from the lime light. He does not like to make frequent public appearances. He is a leveraged buyout investor who does not prefer to share the risk as well as the returns with shareholders. He solely takes the responsibility of risks and rewards. Further discussion will include detailed analyses of the leadership style of Graeme Hart (Hunt, 2010). Leadership style of Hart can be linked to various theories of leadership. He can be termed as a narcissistic leader. It is kind of leadership where the leader keeps his needs at first priority. He acts dominant, arrogant and hostile (Braun, 2017).The research shows that these types of leaders have both positive and negative impact on the organisation. Some leaders from the history such as Napoleon, Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Mahatma Gandhi displayed this type of leadership. This factor can also be seen in the leadership style of Hart as he himself takes the control of the situations. He does not like to share risks or rewards with the stake holders. He usually invests in projects which lack leadership and emerges as the leader for those. These leaders are perceived to be skilled orators and creative strategist. The problem with such type of leaders is that they lack empathy and are poor listeners. Most of the leaders belonging to this category provide negative results because they are always involved in controlling others. The results can be positive if the leaders work for themselves (Maccoby, 2004). The leadership style of Graeme Hart also has the resemblance with the transformational theory of leadership. This theory explains how leaders of that particular style affect the organisational performance. This is a style characterised by motivating the followers or subordinates to achieve something extraordinary. He has few characteristics of transformational leadership but his style cannot be regarded entirely as transformational style leadership. The basic qualities that of a transformational leader that hart possess are always willing to take right risk, capable enough to take difficult decisions, self-management, internal motivation, proactive in nature and he has the ability to set the goals of his organisation concise and realistic. His style of leadership cannot be completely termed as transformational because he does not have the characteristic of sharing organisational consciousness, not a very active listener and sometimes he fails keep his ego on check. Another style which can relate to the leadership style of Graeme Hart is Charismatic leadership. The word charisma describes the special or extraordinary gift that is possessed by only few individuals (Northouse, 2012). This style basically relies on two factors charm and persuasiveness. Charismatic leaders carry a powerful personality that attracts followers. They possess some extraordinary qualities that are difficult to pin down and inspire other to work. They do exert any kind of undue pressure on the followers but their self-image carries the charm that automatically attracts the followers. This concept involves three basic elements vision or vision, extraordinary qualities and recognition (Avolio and Yammarino, 2013). As charisma is also an important element of transformational leadership therefore both transformation and charismatic styles are related to each other and also share some common characteristics. Major qualities or characteristics of charismatic leader are visionar y, ability to inspire the trust, excellent communication skills, full or energy and enthusiasm, tactful in dealing different situations, action oriented and have the ability to make the followers feel capable (Dubrin, 2015).Graeme Hart possess an effective blend of all these characteristics. Therefore his style can be attributed as charismatic and outspoken. Based on the analysis of leadership style of Hart, trait theory can be applied to explain him better as a leader. Trait theory states that individual is a leader because of certain characteristic that he / she possess, these characteristic may be inborn or developed over the time. There is a set of certain intellectual, physical and intellectual traits that draws the difference between leaders and non-leaders. According to this theory the personnel characteristics of leader are major source of leadership success. It can be seen in the life of Graeme that he was not an inborn leader. After school he worked as panel beater and tow truck driver. Experience of various fields helped him to acquire certain characteristics. His MBA degree from Otego University also helped him to develop his leadership traits. The distinguishing characteristics of Hart that helped him to succeed as the leader are cleverness, tactful, conceptually skilled, decisive, risk taking ability, alert to external envi ronment, persuasive, self-confident and dominant. The key characteristic of Hart is that he takes the responsibility of his decisions. He proactively takes the risk and also does not make anyone liable for negative outcomes. At the same time he does not shares the rewards with others for the risk that he has taken. Leadership and management are two related but different concepts. There is a thin line of difference between a leader and manger. Some common differences between them are discussed here. Leaders have a unique personality whereas mangers do not have this kind of personality. Managers try to mimic the style and behaviours of others. Leaders do not try to fit into others shoes they have their own style whereas mangers display the learned behaviours. Leaders are innovative an act as agents that bring changes. Managers work within the set procedures rules and regulations. Leaders try out change if it doesnt works; managers are consistent only with the best practices that work. Leader creates a vision for followers to pursue whereas managers set goals for employees to achieve. Leaders inspire the followers to work towards a vision. They work to turnout vision to reality. The want their followers to be part of something bigger and extraordinary. Leaders realise that working in teams for com mon vision can bring results as compares to individuals striving for personal objectives. Manager does not set long term visions they focus on setting goals for short terms. They measure the employee performance through those goals and objectives. Leaders are risk takers whereas mangers are often regarded as risk takers and mangers are regarded as controllers of risk. Leaders are always willing to take risk even if it leads to failure. They believe failure as stepping stone for success. Managers do not believe in taking risk, they always work to minimise risk. They tend to control or avoid the risk or problems rather than embracing them. There is broad difference between thinking process of leaders and managers. Managers think from a narrow perspective whereas leaders think from the broad and long term perspective. Leaders are motivated towards achieving long terms goals. Managers need rewards or acknowledgements at regular intervals, for maintaining motivation towards the goal. Lea ders are the one who build a kind of relationship with people whereas managers build process and systems for the people (Arruda, 2016). From the above stated differences it is clear that leader and manger are different from each other in various aspects. Now the question arises that whether a good leader can be good manger or not. G of Graeme Hart is a good leader but does he have the managerial efficiency. Being a good manger and a good leader both are different things but to take organisation to the heights both are required good leadership and good management as well. To be successful in long run an individual must have the passion to make improvements to the organisation and must be capable enough to drive the efforts towards the final stage (Sriperambuduru, 2014). It is usually possible that a good leader can turn a good manager but opposite is not possible. Hart is good leader but not a good manager. According to an article of Forbes magazine both leadership and management require different skills. There are very few people who have mastered both the arts. It is okay for the leaders, not to be good managers. Le aders just need to realise the importance of the good management in the organisation. They just need to assign value to the discipline of management (Clark, 2013). Hart himself is good leader and has realised that the importance of the good management. He has professionals for the management in the same way like accounting, marketing, production etc. He takes the major decisions himself, takes risk and bring about changes. But those changes and decisions are supported by framework of policies and practices taken by the management. It is evident from researches that having bad manger can cost so much for an organisation. Having too many managers is also harmful for the organisation. Therefore it is important for the organisation to maintain the equilibrium in quantity and quality of managers (Beck and Harter, 2014). Hart is a good leader and well aware about the kind and mangers that he needs to keep in the organisation. Harts executive team is small in size and includes skilled tal ented people. Hart does not let his managerial inefficiency affect the organisation in any way. His leadership capabilities take edge of the managerial inefficiency. It can be concluded that that Graeme Hart is the inspiration to many. He is a self-made man and reached to the position of richest man with continuous hard work and efforts. His leadership style can be linked to narcissistic style, transformational style and charismatic style. He is a private person does not public appearances. He is the one who always keeps his needs and perspectives at the first priority. His style can also be termed as transformational or charismatic because he has the ability to motivate the followers. He masters the art of communication. He is a risk taker and decision maker. He has that charm in his personality that inspires others to take actions. Trait theory of leadership can be applied to the context of Hart. He was not an inborn leader. His leadership skills developed over time while working with the major leadership traits or qualities are cleverness, tactful, conceptually skilled, decisive, risk taking ability, alert to external environment, persuasive, self-confident and dominant. It is clear that leadership of Harr cannot be questioned. But when it comes of his efficiency as a manager the things are different. Manger and leader both are different terms. There are varieties of differences among them. Thus both of them require different skillset. In various cases it is seen that good leaders are not mangers. Hart lacks managerial capabilities but does not ignore the importance and need for good management in the organisation. He has a team of talented management executives to perform the management task. He keeps the major decision making concentrated to his hands but the task of following and implementing those decisions to the management. His leadership abilities takes edge over managerial in efficiencies. References Arruda, W. (2016). 9 Differences Between Being A Leader And A Manager. The Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamarruda/2016/11/15/9-differences-between-being-a-leader-and-a-manager/#78c42d6c4609 Avolio, B. J. and Yammarino, F. J. (2013). Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead. Emerald Group Publishing Beck, R. and Harter, J. 2014. Why Good Managers Are So Rare. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2014/03/why-good-managers-are-so-rare Bloomberg, (2017). Company Overview of Carter Holt Harvey Limited. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=8683263privcapId=875316 Braun, S. (2017). Leader Narcissism and Outcomes in Organizations: A Review at Multiple Levels of Analysis and Implications for Future Research. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5437163/ Clark, D. (2013). Why Great Leaders Make Bad Managers - and That's OK. The Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/dorieclark/2013/01/10/why-great-leaders-make-bad-managers-and-thats-ok/#31dedbac69cc Dubrin, A. J. (2015). Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills. Cengage Learning Forbes, (2017). Graeme Hart. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/profile/graeme-hart/ Hunt, G. (2010). Lord of the deals. Retrieved from https://www.noted.co.nz/archive/listener-nz-2010/lord-of-the-deals/ Maccoby, M. (2004). Narcissistic Leaders: The Incredible Pros, the Inevitable Cons. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2004/01/narcissistic-leaders-the-incredible-pros-the-inevitable-cons Nawaz, Z. A. K. D. A., Khan_PhD, I. (2016). Leadership Theories and Styles: A Literature Review.Leadership,16. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Northouse, P.G. (2012). Leadership: Theory and Practice. SAGE Publications NZ Herald, (2017). Billionaire Graeme Hart has climbed the rankings of Forbes magazine's richest people in the world. Retrieved from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3objectid=11822168 Sriperambuduru, M. R. (2014). Can one be a good leader without being a good Manager?. Retrieved from https://www.bayt.com/en/specialties/q/115791/can-one-be-a-good-leader-without-being-a-good-manager-please-share-your-valuable-comments/