Saturday, December 28, 2019

“The Tyger” by William Blake - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1171 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Literature Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Poem Essay William Blake Essay Did you like this example? â€Å"The Tyger† by William Blake Now seen as one of the most prominent figures of poetry and visual arts during the Romantic Age, William Blake was an outcast during his time and often thought to be crazy due to his radical views on religion and theology. Although he was Christian, his family rejected the generally accepted form of Christianity and going to church. While he was young, Blake claimed to have seen and interacted with the angel Gabriel, the Virgin Mary and the spirit of his deceased brother, Robert Blake. Because of these divine experiences he had so early in his life, he believed that everyone could communicate with God through good deeds, imagination and prayer and that there was no need to go to church to reaffirm this relationship. He believed that the church was solely a political institution and that it acted as a middle-man that interfered with someone’s connection with God. Blake’s views on religion greatly influenced many of his works, including â€Å"The Tyger† which was a part of his â€Å"Songs of Innocence and Experience Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul. â€Å"The Tyger† is composed of six stanzas and has a rhyme scheme of AABB, which makes it easy to read. The meter is regular and rhythmic and can be associated with the pounding and banging of a blacksmith and his tools, as described in stanza four of the poem. In â€Å"The Tyger,† William Blake questions the nature of God and faith. He asks two important rhetorical questions in the poem; Does God create both good and evil? If so what right does God have to do this? The poem is a cycle of questioning the creator of the tiger, discussing how it could have been created, and back to questioning the creator. The theme of the poem is the tiger and who created it. Was it the same God that created the gentle and innocent lamb? Or was it a much darker force, perhaps even Satan? For some Christians there is no need for such questioning; they believe God made Lucifer beautiful and perfect just as He made Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden, but like Adam, Lucifers own indiscretion were what changed him to what he has become. Other people, like William Blake, wonder, If God is such a compassionate, loving, caring God, why would He make such a horrifying and wicked being who causes so much harm in the world? Through vivid imagery, symbolism, and metaphors William Blake explores the question of whether or not God creates evil as well as good in the world. Right from the beginning of the poem, readers are slammed with imagery that conjures a picture of a tiger with fur blazing like fire, lighting up a dark forest. The fact that the tiger can illuminate a forest in the dead of night gives the idea that the tiger is very powerful and not like other animals. Blake then goes on to describe the tiger’s burning eyes, filled with an intense fire that should be feared by all of its prey. The fire in t he eyes of the tiger creates a negative image of the tiger, that it is a wicked and fearsome beast. Blake also illustrates a large furnace that was used to craft the tiger’s brain. When reading this, you can feel the heat given off by the scorching fire and see the blacksmith reaching into the flames with his tongs and extract the brain that gives the tiger its life. Symbolism plays a huge part in how this poem portrays its message to readers. The tiger, having fire in its eyes and a brain created in a furnace, is the most obvious symbol that represents evil. Blake is not merely looking at an animal and wondering how it was made, but he is using the animal allegorically. Blake speaks directly to the tiger, an animal that lives in dark, secret places; in the forests of the night. The fierceness and cunningness of the tiger that lurks in the darkness seeking out its prey is a metaphor that gives the reader a vivid mental picture of who believers call Satan. The lamb symboli zes good in the world and also refers one of Blake’s earlier poems, â€Å"The Lamb,† which was included in the â€Å"Songs of Innocence† collection. Just as the tiger could represent Satan, the Lamb, which Blake capitalizes in his poem, could be a representation of Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God. The last line of the fifth stanza actually states the central question that is explored throughout the poem; â€Å"Did he who made the lamb make thee? † This poses the question as to whether God, who has created everything good and beautiful in the world, could also be capable of making such an evil and frightening beast as the tiger. Up until the speaker poses this question, the poem has been pointing towards Satan being behind the creation of the tiger. It is not until this question is asked that the idea that God is ultimately responsible for the creation of good as well as evil is presented. There is a reference to a hammer, chain, furnace and an anvil t hat is an extended metaphor comparing the creator of the tiger to a blacksmith. The idea that a blacksmith forged the tiger with his furnace and tools gives the reader the idea of the creator being very deliberate in fashioning every aspect of the creature. It also ties in with the fire references throughout the poem and solidifies the notion that the speaker thinks the tiger may have been created within fire, possibly the fires of hell. Blake compares the eyes of the tiger to a distant fire that only someone with wings could reach, someone such as an angel, either good or bad. It also asks who would â€Å"dare seize the fire? † The speaker is inquiring as to who would be so brave as to dare to put their hands in such a fire that the tiger surely has been created with. All of the questions that Blake poses in this poem are left unanswered only invoke more questions. Blake leaves it up to the reader to come to their own conclusions about good and evil as well as who is behi nd it. To me, there is further depth than simply the creation of evil by God. I think the poem touches one of the most troubling issue that racks the brain of all theologians. How can God allow, for example, the death of an innocent child through famine in Niger? The change in the poem from simply a capable creator to a brave creator suggests that Blake saw and appreciated that a brave creator knew the need for misery in the world as well as job. Blake does a superb job stimulating the mind to go beyond what is known and to question the mysterious origins of the world and all that is in it. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "â€Å"The Tyger† by William Blake" essay for you Create order

Friday, December 20, 2019

The Black Woman By Simone De Beauvoir Essay - 2349 Words

Black women in America today are embracing their natural hair like no other time. The term â€Å"natural† is often defined differently to the natural hair community than other races. We as black women are making it a point that our hair is beautiful in the way that each hair follicle grows into the various hair textures among us. For many African American women, natural hair is a way to protest society’s expectations of beauty and create a new standard of what it means. This includes the right to wear one’s natural hair as it grows without chemicals to process it and conform to society’s expectations. Consequently, the idea that â€Å"natural hair† is â€Å"unprofessional† in any setting is baffling. The ultimate goal intended here is to further analyze the idea of natural hair as a part of culture and thus a big part of the identity of the black woman. I will first turn to Simone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex to which she argues that every force in society conspires to deprive women of their own individuality and compress the female gender into a category only capable of mere housework, bearing children, and being sexually submissive to their partners. Then I will focus on W. E. B DuBois’ text The Souls of Black Folks and discuss his idea of double consciousness to further the complexity of the identity of the black woman. These two ideas will allow me to demonstrate that working African American women are a product of subjectivity in corporate America because it is a world dictated byShow MoreRelatedSimone De Beauvoir s View Of A Woman, Black And White, Jew And Gentile1463 Words   |  6 PagesIn my opinion, Simone de Beauvoir’s quote stressed that using specific characteristics to define certain groups of people was a dangerous practice. To me, Beauvoir’s model of identity is one of great diversity. When reading her work, it was evident that she thinks that all humans are multi-faceted, a nd should not be defined by one certain characteristic. Beauvoir believed there was no one way to be a woman, a person of color, or a Jew. Each group exhibits an array of qualities that make up individualsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Second Sex By Simone De Beauvoir1679 Words   |  7 PagesSimone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex is an essential text for feminist writing, and constructs the foundation for the inclusion of transgendered and queer women in feminist ideology and epistemology through the use of non-biological definitions, anti-categorical ambitions, and anti-socially normative language. A distinctive and poignant characteristic of de Beauvoir’s work is the intrinsic absence of definition through biological terminology. De Beauvoir attempts to avoid categorizing all women throughRead MoreThoughts on Characteristics of Race and Gender: Du Bois vs. De Beauvoir1146 Words   |  5 PagesDu Bois versus De Beauvoir: Essential characteristics of race and gender In the debate over equality for both African-Americans and women, the question of nature versus nurture inevitably arises. Although most authors acknowledge that there are differences between these historically discriminated-against groups and members of the hegemonic culture, the origin of those differences has been hotly debated. While the African-American intellectual W.E.B Du Bois was inclined to conceptualize African-AmericansRead MoreSimone De Beauvoir And Frantz Fanon And The Oppression Of Women1649 Words   |  7 Pagesgeneral education. With the view of the minority so firmly permeating society’s mind, the voice of the minority falls to the wayside. Simone de Beauvoir, Frantz Fanon, and Michel Foucault all seek to establish a voice for the minority, and a path to freedom and liberation from the dominance of the normalized majority. In her work â€Å"The Second Sex.† De Beauvoir tackles the oppression of women. While not a minority, women are written out of society by a more dominant male society, and experienceRead MoreAuthors Such As W.E.B. Du Bois And Simone De Beauvoir,1695 Words   |  7 PagesAuthors such as W.E.B. Du Bois and Simone de Beauvoir, who wrote on the oppression of people agree that there is a mental oppression the acts as one of the biggest obstacles to freedom for oppressed groups. The oppression of black people and women are similar in fundamental ways because they are viewed as inferior and the ways they are controlled and limited by another, dominant group which makes it easy to apply the concept of the Veil to both of them. Du Bois introduces the concept of the VeilRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Black Female Sexuality1411 Words   |  6 Pagesacted out and performed. Furthermore, Simone de Beauvoir’s, The Second Sex hugely became an influential book during the second wave feminism, which involved sexuality, family, workplace, reproductive rights, etc. In her book, women are perceived as the  "other,† as a default sex. She distinguishes sex and gender and states that gender is gradually acquired. Lastly, I will explore sexuality briefly and Annecka Marshall’s study of the social construction of black female sexuality, and how women controlRead MoreWomens Position in the Patriarchal Society Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagesmale and female are not equal? Being a woman brought up in a developing country, I have experienced the effects of this societal dichotomy. Thus, I would like to delineate this aspect of the division in the society by using the Feminist Theory to analyze women’s position in the Patriarchal society and I am choosing Simone de Beauvoir as my theorist. Feminist theory is similar to critical theory which focuses on social status of two genders i.e. man and woman in the Patriarchal societies. Its mainRead More Is The Second Sex Beauvoirs Application of Sartrean Existentialism?3713 Words   |  15 PagesIs The Second Sex Beauvoirs Application of Sartrean Existentialism? ABSTRACT: Simone de Beauvoirs 1949 feminist masterpiece, The Second Sex, has traditionally been read as an application of Sartrean existentialism to the problem of women. Critics have claimed a Sartrean origin for Beauvoirs central theses: that under patriarchy woman is the Other, and that one is not born a woman, but becomes one. An analysis of Beauvoirs recently discovered 1927 diary, written while she was a philosophyRead MoreGender And Sex Are Kindred, But They re Not1418 Words   |  6 Pagesour true self. Simone de Beauvoir once said â€Å"One is not born a woman, but becomes one†. We learn to become an individual, we see what we look at, but the way we see things is affected by what we know. What if we don’t know? We’re born with curiosity, to explore the world to become a person, female or male, white or black, gay or straight, it only defines us because that’s biology, but gender isn’t biology, its knowledge we come across.The Second Sex (1949), Simone de Beauvoir challenged this predominantRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Science936 Words   |  4 Pagesreverberations of a society each has created. Pioneers of the field such as Simone de Beauvoir and Frantz Fanon used this existentialist idealism as an argument for the advancement of women’s rights as well as the destruction of colonialism. Fanon led his own battle in the years following the Second World War in support of the decolonization still plaguing many countries, namely French-held Algeria. In his 1952 work Black Skin, White Masks, Fanon sought to explain the dilemma of self-identification

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Commercial Law Undergraduate Law Education â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Commercial Law Undergraduate Law Education? Answer: Introducation The principles of law contract need to be applied in this question. In case of the law of contract, there are no specific legislations or rules. Instead, it is based on the set of principles that define the rights and duties of the parties who have entered into the contract therefore, ensuring that the parties to the contract should not breach the legal provisions (Henkel, 2014). The law provides that each promise made by the parties forms of concentration for the other party. In this way, when a proposal has been accepted by the other party is known as a promise. Keeping in view the above mentioned in relation of the contract, it is significant to understand that a valid contract is created only when the elements of offer and acceptance are present. In this way, offer and the acceptance of the offer can be described as the essential elements required for a contract (Frisch, 2014). Keeping in view the relevant case law, in the present case, there is an offer and several agreements to be offer. Therefore in the above-mentioned case, an offer has been made by Alan. He wanted to advertise this book, "introduction to business law". This book is used in the "Commercial law" paper. He has posted a notice on his Facebook page on November 1, declaring his intention to sell the book. He was asking for a price of $200 for the book. At the same time, he had also mentioned that the deadline to make debate before the book was November, 5. The offer was accepted by Bernard. He replied through post, declaring his intention to accept the offer. But Alan did not give any response to Bernard. Under these circumstances, Alan received the money sent by Bernard through courier on November 4. On November 7, Alan gave the original book to Bernard. He stated that his nodes have been written in the book itself. On the other hand Charleen is the younger sister of Alan. She also saw the message posted by Alan on his Facebook page to sell the book. She also wanted to purchase the book for $200. However Alan did not consider the acceptance of the offer by Charleen to be serious. He thought that Charleen was too young to read the book. Therefore, he was thinking about something else then he nodded his head in return of the acceptance of the offer by Charleen. A contract has been created between Alan and Charleen when Charleen left $200 on his table. This amounts to the formation of an agreement. Damien had also expressed his interest in purchasing the book. On November 4, Damien visited Alan and gave $2000 in cash to Alan. This money was taken by Alan and he promised that he will give the material to Damien on November 7. The next day, he was just a similar book from the shop and gave it to Damien along with his handwritten notes. As in the present case,. At the actual contract has not been created between Alan and Bernard, the acceptance of the money by Alan and later on giving the book to Bernard on 7 November is a wrong act of Alan. Later on, it was discovered that the book was provided free of cost by Kaplan Higher Education. Under these circumstances, it can be said that Bernard can claim compensation from Alan for the fake acceptance of the offer. Bernard had responded in return of the offers made by Alan on November 1. He expressed his interest in purchasing the commercial law book. Although initially, Alan had showed his intention to sell the book for $200, but Bernard made a counteroffer according to which he was ready to purchase the book for $150 Therefore, the offer has been made in return of the initial offer. However, such offer is not acceptable under the law. A counteroffer can be described as the revision of the first offer to make the offer more attractive and presentable. However, when a comparable is made, it is up to the offeror to decide the offer or not. When a counter offer is made by a person, the other person is at liberty to accept or reject the offer (Neumann, 2014). The party making the counteroffer cannot force the other party to accept the offer (Calliess Buchmann, 2016). In the present case, a counter offer has been made by Bernard to Alan. Alan had not expressly rejected or accepted the offer clearly. On 3 November, Bernard gives the payment to Alan and hosted an amount of $200 to him. The money was received by Alan and he delivered the textbook to Bernard. The poster who can be described as an exception to the rule related with counteroffer. Therefore, in view of the postal rule, when the money was posted by Bernard, a contract has been created between Alan and Bernard. But in the present case, Bernard was sure regarding his acceptance of the offer may dwell in regarding the book. Moreover, he paid for the book proposed and later on Alan also delivered the work (Zheng, 2013). In this case the legal position of Bernard is vacant as there is no contract between him and Alan. The counteroffer made by Bernard was not accepted by Alan. For example, in Hyde v. Wrench, it was held by the court that in case of the initial offer made by the offeror, there is no legal obligation to accept the counteroffer. Hence it can be concluded in this question that a valid contract was not present between Alan and Bernard. In this case, Charleen was the younger sister of Alan. She also wanted to purchase and read the book on commercial law. Therefore, she agreed to pay the money to Alan on November 6. Alan simply nodded his head when Charleen expressed her desire to purchase the book. At that time, Alan was thinking about his favorite football team. Hence, Alan was not in the proper sense when Charleen had expressed her acceptance of the offer. The issue that arises in this case is if a valid contract has been created between Allen and Charleen. It can be assumed that Charleen was studying in O level, therefore she would not be more than 16 or 17 years old. Therefore, she was still a minor. The law of contract provides that a valid contract cannot be created with a minor. In Bowling v. Sperry , the court stated that the participation of a minor in a contract has to be treated as void even if an adult was also involved in such transaction. Similarly, in the present case, because Alan and Charleen were brother and sister, the court may consider that the contract was merely a social or domestic agreement, not enforceable by law. Therefore they cannot sue each other for the breach of contract. At the same time, return of the offer made by Charleen, Alan had only nodded his head to accept the offer but he was not in a good state of mind. He had merely nodded ambiguously, and there were no further negotiations. Hence, it can be r esumed in this case that the agreement between Charleen and Alan was purely domestic in nature and as a result, a valid contract was not present between. Damien was a friend of Bernard. He managed to get the phone number of Allen and made a counteroffer through SMS. Damien gave the price of the book to Allen on 4 November and on 7 November, Alan gave the book as well as the other notes to Damien. In the present case, this contract between David and Allen is a valid contract. It has all the elements required for a valid contract. The following elements have to be present in order to create a valid contract. These are offer, acceptance, consideration, invention and legal relation. As compare to Bernard and Charleen, only the agreement with Damien contains all the elements of a valid contract. Hence, it can be concluded that a valid contract exists between Alan and Damien. Because a counter offer was made by Bernard and it was not accepted by Alan at the view of the postal rule, the contract between them was not valid. Similarly, due to the reason that Charleen was a minor, she did not have the capacity to form a valid contract. Bernard and Damien found on November 23 that the Commercial law book was provided free of cost by Kaplan. Another misrepresentation made by Alan in his initial offer was that he had secured a high distinction grade while in reality, he could only get 'credit' grade in the examination. Moreover, Alan also claimed that he will get the additional nodes with the book. But he did not gave the additional notes with the book to Bernard. Under these circumstances, Damien can take action against Alan for making misrepresentations regarding the cost of the book. As a valid contract was not formed between Bernard and Alan, he can only claim compensation from Alan. On the other hand, Damien may file a suit for damages on claim compensation from Alan. The lock on it provides that if a party to the contract has breached the contract, in such a case the other party may file a suit and claim compensation or damages. The cost of the damage on the compensation has to be estimated, keeping in view the loss suffered by such party (Tepe, 2014). Some of the different dispute resolution methods available to the parties include mediation, arbitration and conciliation as well as litigation. In case of the process of mediation, an unbiased third party assists the parties to the dispute to reach a voluntary settlement of the dispute. In this way, mediation provides an informal, confidential and a friendly way to settle the dispute between the parties (Peng, 2013). This method helps in resolving a conflict, whether it is commercial or personal. In this method, the mediator presides over the proceedings. Mediator also helps the parties in communicating with each other, which allows the parties to find a resolution to the dispute. The mediator also helps in exploring the practical and legal solutions available to the parties and finds the solution that is acceptable to both. The process of arbitration is more formal. In case of arbitration proceedings, the rules of evidence and trial are generally relaxed and flexible. An arbitrator presides over the proceedings between the parties. The arbitrator also delivers his decision in writing. The decision is binding for the parties to the dispute (Rosen, 2014). In case of arbitration, if the is not binding, an appeal may be filed by the parties in the trial court for settling the dispute. The method of arbitration is most notable in cases where the parties do not want lengthy and expensive proceedings like a trial (Hurst, 2012). Another method, generally used by the parties to resolve disputes, is that the litigation. Litigation takes place in a court. It is a formal process where a suit is filed by the plaintiff against the defendant. Legal advisers are hired by both plaintiff and the defendant to present a set of rules and evidence in support of their case before the jury. The verdict of the court is final and is binding for the parties. However, the party that has lost the case may file an appeal in a higher court. It is generally considered that litigation is time-consuming and costly method. But at the same time, it is also the most transparent and fair method. The parties are bound by the decision given by the court. However, it is recommended that first of all the parties should try to resolve the dispute by using alternative dispute resolution methods before going for litigation (Huang Tseng, 2014). References Ayub, M. (2012). A Comprehensive Glossary of Terms in Islamic Commercial LawBusiness, Banking, and Finance.Journal of Islamic Business and Management Vol,2(2) Beckers, A., Kornet, N., Oosterhuis, J., Akkermans, B., Hage, J., Smits, J. (2015). Who does what in commercial law? The case for a multi-actor and multi-level approach to regulating business transactions.Who does what in European private law?, 125-175. Bowling v. Sperry, 133 Ind. App. 692, 184 N.E.2d 901 (1962). Calliess, G. P., Buchmann, I. (2016). Global Commercial Law between Unity, Pluralism, and Competition: The Case of the CISG. Frisch, D. (2014). The Commercial Law of Intellectual Property. Henkel, C. (2014). Personal Guarantees and Sureties between Commercial Law and Consumers in the United States.American Journal of Comparative Law,62(Supplement 1), 333-359. Huang, M. J., Tseng, W. R. (2014). Taiwans National Report: Codification in East Asia: Commercial Law. InCodification in East Asia(pp. 131-136). Springer International Publishing. Hurst, J. B. (2012). De Facto Supremacy: Supreme Court Control of State Commercial Law.Virginia Law Review, 691-728. Hyde v Wrench[1840]EWHC Ch J90 Liao, Z. (2012). Book Review: Understanding commercial Law. Neumann, T. (2014). International Commercial Law from a Nordic and Baltic Perspective: Status and Current Challenges.Nordic Journal of Commercial Law, (2). Peng, S. O. N. G. (2013). COMMERCIAL INTERPRETATION AND APPLICATION ON ARTICLE 72 OF THE CORPORATION LAW.Journal of Yunmeng,4, 035. Rosen, K. (2014). Company Law and the Law of Succession Droit Commercial/Commercial Law.American Journal of Comparative Law,62(Supplement 1), 387-405. Tepe, B. (2014). Intermediate Appellate Review of Commercial Law Decisions in Turkey.EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal,4(1), 59-71. Yau, B., Johnstone, A. (2014). Focus grouping attitudes towards commercial law in three legal communities: comparing attitudes of professional legal training students to those of undergraduates and early career commercial lawyers. Zheng, C. (2013). On the Reform of the Course of Science of Commercial Law in the Undergraduate Law Education: Taking the Reform of the Course of Science of Commercial Law in He'nan University of Technology as an Example.The Science Education Article Collects,8, 018.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Leadership of Graeme Hart Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Style of Graeme Hart. Answer: Leadership holds a different meaning in different scenarios. In general terms leadership can be defined as the process in which an individual influences the behaviour of the group to achieve a common goal (Northouse2015). According to the literature present on leadership it is evident that leadership theories have evolved over the time but none of them is completely. The reasons responsible for the changes in leadership concept are situations, working environment, cultures, new laws, growing organisational complexities, context, psycho- social development and information overload (Nawaz Khan, 2016).Every leader has its unique style of leadership. Style of every leader is guided by some or the other leadership theory. Hart is the kind of person who has not given any interview to press of New Zealand in about a decade. He has a family of 4 including a wife and two children. He can be termed as self-made man. Today, Graeme Hart is the richest New Zealand's richest person listed in the Forbes magazine (NZ Herald, 2017). He usually acquires underperforming businesses that manufactures everyday products like water bottles, milk bottles, foils and paper (Forbes, 2017). He is the owner of Rank Group Investments Ltd., Carter Holt Harvey Ltd. and Reynolds Group Holdings Ltd (Bloomberg, 2016). He is the kind of person who generally prefers to stay away from the lime light. He does not like to make frequent public appearances. He is a leveraged buyout investor who does not prefer to share the risk as well as the returns with shareholders. He solely takes the responsibility of risks and rewards. Further discussion will include detailed analyses of the leadership style of Graeme Hart (Hunt, 2010). Leadership style of Hart can be linked to various theories of leadership. He can be termed as a narcissistic leader. It is kind of leadership where the leader keeps his needs at first priority. He acts dominant, arrogant and hostile (Braun, 2017).The research shows that these types of leaders have both positive and negative impact on the organisation. Some leaders from the history such as Napoleon, Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Mahatma Gandhi displayed this type of leadership. This factor can also be seen in the leadership style of Hart as he himself takes the control of the situations. He does not like to share risks or rewards with the stake holders. He usually invests in projects which lack leadership and emerges as the leader for those. These leaders are perceived to be skilled orators and creative strategist. The problem with such type of leaders is that they lack empathy and are poor listeners. Most of the leaders belonging to this category provide negative results because they are always involved in controlling others. The results can be positive if the leaders work for themselves (Maccoby, 2004). The leadership style of Graeme Hart also has the resemblance with the transformational theory of leadership. This theory explains how leaders of that particular style affect the organisational performance. This is a style characterised by motivating the followers or subordinates to achieve something extraordinary. He has few characteristics of transformational leadership but his style cannot be regarded entirely as transformational style leadership. The basic qualities that of a transformational leader that hart possess are always willing to take right risk, capable enough to take difficult decisions, self-management, internal motivation, proactive in nature and he has the ability to set the goals of his organisation concise and realistic. His style of leadership cannot be completely termed as transformational because he does not have the characteristic of sharing organisational consciousness, not a very active listener and sometimes he fails keep his ego on check. Another style which can relate to the leadership style of Graeme Hart is Charismatic leadership. The word charisma describes the special or extraordinary gift that is possessed by only few individuals (Northouse, 2012). This style basically relies on two factors charm and persuasiveness. Charismatic leaders carry a powerful personality that attracts followers. They possess some extraordinary qualities that are difficult to pin down and inspire other to work. They do exert any kind of undue pressure on the followers but their self-image carries the charm that automatically attracts the followers. This concept involves three basic elements vision or vision, extraordinary qualities and recognition (Avolio and Yammarino, 2013). As charisma is also an important element of transformational leadership therefore both transformation and charismatic styles are related to each other and also share some common characteristics. Major qualities or characteristics of charismatic leader are visionar y, ability to inspire the trust, excellent communication skills, full or energy and enthusiasm, tactful in dealing different situations, action oriented and have the ability to make the followers feel capable (Dubrin, 2015).Graeme Hart possess an effective blend of all these characteristics. Therefore his style can be attributed as charismatic and outspoken. Based on the analysis of leadership style of Hart, trait theory can be applied to explain him better as a leader. Trait theory states that individual is a leader because of certain characteristic that he / she possess, these characteristic may be inborn or developed over the time. There is a set of certain intellectual, physical and intellectual traits that draws the difference between leaders and non-leaders. According to this theory the personnel characteristics of leader are major source of leadership success. It can be seen in the life of Graeme that he was not an inborn leader. After school he worked as panel beater and tow truck driver. Experience of various fields helped him to acquire certain characteristics. His MBA degree from Otego University also helped him to develop his leadership traits. The distinguishing characteristics of Hart that helped him to succeed as the leader are cleverness, tactful, conceptually skilled, decisive, risk taking ability, alert to external envi ronment, persuasive, self-confident and dominant. The key characteristic of Hart is that he takes the responsibility of his decisions. He proactively takes the risk and also does not make anyone liable for negative outcomes. At the same time he does not shares the rewards with others for the risk that he has taken. Leadership and management are two related but different concepts. There is a thin line of difference between a leader and manger. Some common differences between them are discussed here. Leaders have a unique personality whereas mangers do not have this kind of personality. Managers try to mimic the style and behaviours of others. Leaders do not try to fit into others shoes they have their own style whereas mangers display the learned behaviours. Leaders are innovative an act as agents that bring changes. Managers work within the set procedures rules and regulations. Leaders try out change if it doesnt works; managers are consistent only with the best practices that work. Leader creates a vision for followers to pursue whereas managers set goals for employees to achieve. Leaders inspire the followers to work towards a vision. They work to turnout vision to reality. The want their followers to be part of something bigger and extraordinary. Leaders realise that working in teams for com mon vision can bring results as compares to individuals striving for personal objectives. Manager does not set long term visions they focus on setting goals for short terms. They measure the employee performance through those goals and objectives. Leaders are risk takers whereas mangers are often regarded as risk takers and mangers are regarded as controllers of risk. Leaders are always willing to take risk even if it leads to failure. They believe failure as stepping stone for success. Managers do not believe in taking risk, they always work to minimise risk. They tend to control or avoid the risk or problems rather than embracing them. There is broad difference between thinking process of leaders and managers. Managers think from a narrow perspective whereas leaders think from the broad and long term perspective. Leaders are motivated towards achieving long terms goals. Managers need rewards or acknowledgements at regular intervals, for maintaining motivation towards the goal. Lea ders are the one who build a kind of relationship with people whereas managers build process and systems for the people (Arruda, 2016). From the above stated differences it is clear that leader and manger are different from each other in various aspects. Now the question arises that whether a good leader can be good manger or not. G of Graeme Hart is a good leader but does he have the managerial efficiency. Being a good manger and a good leader both are different things but to take organisation to the heights both are required good leadership and good management as well. To be successful in long run an individual must have the passion to make improvements to the organisation and must be capable enough to drive the efforts towards the final stage (Sriperambuduru, 2014). It is usually possible that a good leader can turn a good manager but opposite is not possible. Hart is good leader but not a good manager. According to an article of Forbes magazine both leadership and management require different skills. There are very few people who have mastered both the arts. It is okay for the leaders, not to be good managers. Le aders just need to realise the importance of the good management in the organisation. They just need to assign value to the discipline of management (Clark, 2013). Hart himself is good leader and has realised that the importance of the good management. He has professionals for the management in the same way like accounting, marketing, production etc. He takes the major decisions himself, takes risk and bring about changes. But those changes and decisions are supported by framework of policies and practices taken by the management. It is evident from researches that having bad manger can cost so much for an organisation. Having too many managers is also harmful for the organisation. Therefore it is important for the organisation to maintain the equilibrium in quantity and quality of managers (Beck and Harter, 2014). Hart is a good leader and well aware about the kind and mangers that he needs to keep in the organisation. Harts executive team is small in size and includes skilled tal ented people. Hart does not let his managerial inefficiency affect the organisation in any way. His leadership capabilities take edge of the managerial inefficiency. It can be concluded that that Graeme Hart is the inspiration to many. He is a self-made man and reached to the position of richest man with continuous hard work and efforts. His leadership style can be linked to narcissistic style, transformational style and charismatic style. He is a private person does not public appearances. He is the one who always keeps his needs and perspectives at the first priority. His style can also be termed as transformational or charismatic because he has the ability to motivate the followers. He masters the art of communication. He is a risk taker and decision maker. He has that charm in his personality that inspires others to take actions. Trait theory of leadership can be applied to the context of Hart. He was not an inborn leader. His leadership skills developed over time while working with the major leadership traits or qualities are cleverness, tactful, conceptually skilled, decisive, risk taking ability, alert to external environment, persuasive, self-confident and dominant. It is clear that leadership of Harr cannot be questioned. But when it comes of his efficiency as a manager the things are different. Manger and leader both are different terms. There are varieties of differences among them. Thus both of them require different skillset. In various cases it is seen that good leaders are not mangers. Hart lacks managerial capabilities but does not ignore the importance and need for good management in the organisation. He has a team of talented management executives to perform the management task. He keeps the major decision making concentrated to his hands but the task of following and implementing those decisions to the management. His leadership abilities takes edge over managerial in efficiencies. References Arruda, W. (2016). 9 Differences Between Being A Leader And A Manager. The Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/williamarruda/2016/11/15/9-differences-between-being-a-leader-and-a-manager/#78c42d6c4609 Avolio, B. J. and Yammarino, F. J. (2013). Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead. Emerald Group Publishing Beck, R. and Harter, J. 2014. Why Good Managers Are So Rare. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2014/03/why-good-managers-are-so-rare Bloomberg, (2017). Company Overview of Carter Holt Harvey Limited. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=8683263privcapId=875316 Braun, S. (2017). Leader Narcissism and Outcomes in Organizations: A Review at Multiple Levels of Analysis and Implications for Future Research. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5437163/ Clark, D. (2013). Why Great Leaders Make Bad Managers - and That's OK. The Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/dorieclark/2013/01/10/why-great-leaders-make-bad-managers-and-thats-ok/#31dedbac69cc Dubrin, A. J. (2015). Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills. Cengage Learning Forbes, (2017). Graeme Hart. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/profile/graeme-hart/ Hunt, G. (2010). Lord of the deals. Retrieved from https://www.noted.co.nz/archive/listener-nz-2010/lord-of-the-deals/ Maccoby, M. (2004). Narcissistic Leaders: The Incredible Pros, the Inevitable Cons. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2004/01/narcissistic-leaders-the-incredible-pros-the-inevitable-cons Nawaz, Z. A. K. D. A., Khan_PhD, I. (2016). Leadership Theories and Styles: A Literature Review.Leadership,16. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Northouse, P.G. (2012). Leadership: Theory and Practice. SAGE Publications NZ Herald, (2017). Billionaire Graeme Hart has climbed the rankings of Forbes magazine's richest people in the world. Retrieved from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3objectid=11822168 Sriperambuduru, M. R. (2014). Can one be a good leader without being a good Manager?. Retrieved from https://www.bayt.com/en/specialties/q/115791/can-one-be-a-good-leader-without-being-a-good-manager-please-share-your-valuable-comments/

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Stock and Mexico City Essay Sample free essay sample

â€Å"I don’t want to hear your alibis. Just acquire those planes in the air. † john Vaz was shouting at his gate director. As caput of American Airlines’ operations at the Mexico City airdrome. Vaz has been systematically frustrated by the attitude displayed by his native employees. Transferred from Dallas to Mexico City merely three months ago. Vaz was holding trouble seting to Mexican manner of work. â€Å"Am I critical of these people? You bet I am! They don’t listen when I talk. They think things are merely all right and fight every alteration I suggest. And they have no grasp for the importance of maintaining on agenda. † If Vaz is critical of his Mexico City staff. it’s common. They universally dislike him. Here’s a few anon. remarks made about heir foreman: â€Å"He’s wholly insensitive to our demands. † â€Å"He thinks if he yells and screams that things will better. We will write a custom essay sample on Stock and Mexico City Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We don’t see it that manner. † â€Å"I’ve been working here for four old ages. Before he came here. this was a good topographic point to work. Not any longer. I’m invariably in fright of being chewed out. I feel stress all the clip. even at place. My hubby has started noticing on it a batch. † AN ISO 9001: 2000 CERTIFIED INTERNATIONAL B-SCHOOLVaz was brought in specifically to fasten up the Mexico City operation. High on his list of ends is bettering American’s on-time record in Mexico City. increasing productiveness. and bettering client service. When Vaz was asked if he thought he had any jobs with his staff. he replied. â€Å"Yep. We merely can’t seem to pass on. † Questions: 1. Does John Vaz have a communicating job? Explain.2. What suggestions. if any. would you do to John to assist him better his managerial effectivity?3. Ineffective communicating is the mistake of the transmitter. Make You hold or differ? Discuss.4. What can you make to better the likeliness that you r communicating will be received and understood as you intend. CASE –2 ( 20 Marks )The world of package development is a immense company like Microsoft-it employs more than 48. 000 people- is that a significant part of your work involves yearss of ennui punctuated by hours of boredom. You fundamentally pass your clip in an stray office composing codification and sitting in meetings during which you participate in looking for and measuring 100s of current employees and possible employees. Microsoft has no job in happening and retaining package coders. Their coders work for really long hours and Ob on the end of transporting merchandise. From the twenty-four hours new employees begin at Microsoft. they know they are particular. New hires all have one thing in common-they are smart. The company prides itself on seting all recruits through a grueling â€Å"interviewing loop† . during which they confront a bombardment ( an overpowering figure of inquiries or ailments ) of riddles by future co-workers to see how good they think. Merely t he best and the brightest survive to go employees. The company does this because microsofties genuinely believe that their company is particular. For illustration. it has high tolerance for non-conformity. would you believe that one package examiner comes to work everyday dressed in excessive Victorian outfits? . But the implicit in subject that unites Microsofties is the belief that the house has a manifest fate to alter the universe. The least of import determination as coder can hold a big importance which it can impact a new release that might be used by 50 million people. Microsoft employees are celebrated for seting in long hours. One plan Manager said â€Å"In my First Five Years. I was the Microsoft stereotype. I lived on caffeine and vending-machine beefburgers and free beer and 20-hour work-days†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I had no life†¦ . . I considered everything outside the edifice as a necessary evil† . More late things have changed. There are still a figure of people who put in 80-hour hebdomads. but 60 and 70 hr hebdomads are more typical and some even are making their occupations in merely 40 hours. No treatment of the employee life at Microsoft would be complete without adverting the company’s moneymaking stock option plan. Microsoft created more millionaire employees. faster. than any company in American history-more than 10. 000 by the late – 1990’s while the company is surely more than a topographic point to acquire rich. executive still recognize that money affairs. One former Manager claims that the human resources’ section really kept a running chart of employee satisfaction versus the company’s stock monetary value. â€Å"When the stock was up. human resources could turn off the airing and everybody would state they were happy. When the stock was down. we could give people Massages and they would state us that the Massages were excessively difficult. † In the go-go 1990’s. when the Microsoft stock was duplicating every few months and annual stock splits were predictable. employees non merely got to take part in the Microso ft’s manifest fate. they would acquire rich in the procedure. By the spring of 2002. with the universe in a recession. stock monetary values down. and the growing for Microsoft merchandises decelerating. it wasn’t so clear what was driving its employees to go on the company’s laterality of the package industry. Questions: 1. If you were the coder. would you desire to work at Microsoft? Why or Why non? 2. How many activities in this instance can you bind into specific motive theories? List the activities ; list the motive theories. and how they apply. 3. As Microsoft continues to acquire larger and its growing rate flattens do you believe Management will hold to modify any of its motive patterns? Elaborate. 4. Can money act as a incentive? Explain. CASE-3 ( 20 Marks )Merlyn Monroe is non a whiner. If she has a major aching. she normally suffers in silence. Although her employer. Atlantic Mutual Insurance. has an employee aid program- to supply emotional and psychological support in the work program. She surely neer thinks of utilizing it. even if she did hold a concern on her head. â€Å"They say its confidential but who truly knows? Asked Ms. Monroe’ . an administrative helper at the insurance company. But Merlyn Monroe’s life changed on September 11. 2001. Her office at 140 Broadway in New York City. was near the universe trade Center. She watched the whole thing from her fiftieth Floor office window. Ms. Monroe had neer seen so much devastation in her life. She had neer seen such a hideous terrorist onslaught. Nor had she forced her to alleviate 9/11 over and over. Everything she talked to people they wanted inside informations. which made it worse for her. She had so much choler about what had happened to her life and lives of so many people and the metropolis where she worked for 40 Old ages. Two hebdomads after 9/11. Ms. Monroe was still enduring after effects. Even though she lives on province Island and Atlantic Mutual’s offices have been temporarily relocated to Madison. New Jersey. non an hr goes by when she doesn’t have flashbacks of her experiences of 9/11. Questions 1. What should Atlantic Mutual Management do. if anything. to get by with the aftereffects of 9/11?2. How long would You anticipate employees to be adversely affected by 9/11 if a company provides no formal aid for covering with choler and emphasis? 3. What. if anything. should Management make about employees who appear to be enduring from such sort or injury and emphasis. but will neither acknowledge it nor accept aid from their employee? 4. Sketch the function of HR specializer in supplying a safe and healthy environment for employees. CASE – 4 ( 20 Marks ) Patil. RK Materials. is really angry. dying and restless. He bumped into Mehta. RK Materials. threw the surrender missive on his tabular array. screamed and walked out of the room fleetly. Patil has a ground for his sudden effusion. Detailss of the narrative will state the grounds for patil’s choler and why he put his surrender. merely four months after he took up his occupation. In the twelvemonth 2000 Patil quit his esteemed Mittal works at Vishakhapatnam. As a director Materials. Patil had assorted powers like he could even put an order of stuffs deserving Rs. 50 Lakhs. He required nobody’s anterior consent. Patil Joined a pulp-making works located at Kerala. as RK Materials. The works is portion of a multi-product and multi-plant pudding stone owned by a esteemed concern house in India. The fringe benefit. repute and appellation of the pudding stone attracted Patil off from the populace sector steel monolith. When he joined the eucalyptus mush doing company. small did Patil recognize that he needed prior blessing to put an order for stuffs deserving Rs. 25lakh. He thought that he had the authorization to put an order for stuffs by himself deserving half the sum of what he used to as at the Mega Steel shaper. He placed the order. stuffs arrived. were received. accepted and used up in the works. Trouble started when the measure for Rs. 25 hundred thousand came from the seller. The histories section withheld the payment for the ground that the measure was non endorsed by Mehta. Mehta refused to subscribe on the measure as his blessing was non taken by Patil before puting the order. Patil felt really angry and cheated. A brief brush with Mehta merely made the state of affairs worse. Patil was impolitely told that he should hold known company regulations before embarking. He decided to Quit. Questions: 1. Make you believe the company has any orientation programme? If Yes. discourse its effectivity. 2. If employees were decently selected. there should be no demand for an orientation programme† . Remark on the statement. 3. If You were Patil. how would you respond to the above state of affairs? 4. Discourse the intent of orientation. What are assorted necessities of an effectual programme

Sunday, November 24, 2019

IPU Presentation Essays

IPU Presentation Essays IPU Presentation Essay IPU Presentation Essay The Fruit and Veggie People began on a small farm in Surrey, where Jenny and Alan Blueberry had an pick idea: fresh, ethically grown fruit and Vega, delivered straight to your door. But unlike Caesar and the Roman Empire, The Fruit and Veggie People believe in: ; Treating people right ; Keeping quality high ; Always giving customers what they want, whether thats mangos from Malaysia or strawberries from Sheffield. A small team with big ideas, the Blueberrys believe in treating the people who grow fruit and vegetables well, and dont want to take advantage of the people the food industry should be supporting. Several years later, Jenny and Alan preside over a fruit and Vega empire, he Caesar of fresh produce. The food industry should be about helping people, as well as produce, to grow Who are we? Unlike some scary business types, Jenny and Alan Blueberry believe that its important to be involved in the day to day running oftener fruit and veggie WHQL so where did this dynamic duo come from? Lets peel back the layers Alan grew up in the countryside. His parents loved growing fruit and Vega and his pride and joy were his tomato plants. He cared for them throughout his University studies, where he met his future wife and business partner, Jenny. Jenny grew up in North London, and spent her childhood dreaming about owning a farm. After their passion for fresh produce brought them together, Alan and Jenny hatched a plan that would change the way we buy fruit and vegetables forever. O Creating Careers Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. We share our passion with everyone we work with, from our growers In Borneo to our team at Fruit and Fruit and Veggie Directors All of the Fruit and Veggie peoples staff are important, theres not a single person at WHQL who doesnt help us make a huge difference every day.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Grendel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Grendel - Essay Example An epic, which generically narrates human features such as morality, beauty, courage, and unconditional love, was invented by mankind to suffice the need for clarity. One of the most celebrated Anglo-Saxon epics is an account of the perilous adventures and incredible battles with monsters of the legendary king Beowulf. Yet, this human-centered view of the world which was manifested by Beowulf’s almost superhuman abilities and talents was reversed by an acclaimed fictional author, John Gardner; this reversal was done by means of placing Grendel, the monster in the epic as the rational and intuitive protagonist instead of the idealistic human image of Beowulf in his own version entitled Grendel. Suffering from a gruesome childhood accident, Gardner’s affected psychological state manifested its brilliance through his continual production of grotesque fictional literary pieces during his lifetime. Grendel is absolutely not a feel-good work of art but a elaborate literary st yle that uses abstract philosophical notions of both irrational non-human and rational human existences to reinforce the underlying themes of the story, which are the two faces of mankind in the mercy of historical progression and the evolution of humanity from barbarism to a civilization ruled by esteemed morale and social order. Emerging from these points of view, this paper will argue that Grendel was the symbolical figure in the narrative that embodied the primitive instincts of mankind, yet triumphantly achieved a higher understanding of essential human values through assuming a position as an outside observer of the human world. Moreover, Grendel as a monster was an allegory to represent the inevitable engagement of every individual in discerning the blatant conflict between â€Å"what is† and â€Å"what ought to be†, and to transform themselves to rational beings capable of creating institutions such as religion, and ideologies that could serve as their protecti on from both the

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

The Muslim and Hebrew Holy Books Show That These Religions Have More Essay

The Muslim and Hebrew Holy Books Show That These Religions Have More in Commom than in Discord - Essay Example But, when we come to study and analyze these two religions from their very roots and basics, we realize that these two religions have more things in common than any other religions. comparing these two religions with each other and then with the other religions of the world, more similarities have been found in between these two religions than in any other religions of world. To start with the most basic and important thing, the followers of both these religions believe in ONE GOD. Both the religions have rejected the existence of more than one God and have advised their followers to worship the one and only true God who is the creator of this whole universe. The Islam and Judaism are supposed to guide their followers towards a life which is full of harmony, peace and divinity. Both these religions share much in common when it comes living everyday life. Islam and Judaism guide their followers towards prosperity. When it comes towards laws, the followers of both the religions tend to live their lives according to the laws handed down by their God and stick to the way of life defined by their religions. Both the Islamic and Hebrew laws (Shria’ and Halakhah) guide their followers in living everyday life, in family matter, in their personal behavior towards others and in their jobs. Both these religions tend to guide their followers more in following what is ordered by the God than following personal attitude and what the world has to say. The followers of both Islam and Judaism live their lives as defined by the God and the messengers sent by the God: Muhammad and Abraham. (Rosen 2003) Islam and Judaism both have stressed on a day of judgment when one will have to answer about all the things he did in his life. He will be rewarded for what he did good and will be punished for his sins. The idea of the life here after and the rewards in it are praised by both the religions. if we look into the Holy books of these religions i.e. The Quran and The Torah, we f ind many similarities, not only in the messages sent down by the God but also in the instances that have been described in these Holy books narrating the history of God’s Messengers and their lives. For example the instance of Abraham and His Wife Sarah about Sarah being too old to have a child are narrated almost similarly in both the books. â€Å"Abraham and Sarah were very old, and Sarah had stopped having her monthly periods. So Sarah laughed to herself. Then the Lord asked Abraham, Why Sarah laughed and said, 'Can I really have a child when I am so old?' Is anything too hard for the Lord?† (The Torah) The same instance is described in The Quran like this: â€Å"And his wife (Sarah) was standing by; she laughed, therefore We gave her the glad tidings of Isaac, and after Isaac, of Jacob. She said, 'Woe is me! Shall I bear, being an old woman? This assuredly is a strange thing.’ They said, 'What, dost thou marvel at God's command? The mercy of God and His ble ssings be upon you, O people of the House! Sure He is All-laudable, All-glorious.’† (The Quran) The description of these two instances proves the similarity even in the Holy books of the two religions. Moreover, the Holy books of these two religions have delivered the message of the God through His messengers. The followers of both the religions have faith in God, His messengers and the Day of Judgment. The followers of both the religions believe that there are much similarities in these religions as they are all the descendants of Abraham and also according to the ritual of Abraham the males of both the societies are circumsized (Rosen 2003).

Monday, November 18, 2019

Race o racism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Race o racism - Research Paper Example The marathon race will feature numerous other activities apart from running. These include an avenue to interact among the participants and share ideas. It will also be a family affair where the children will be educated on the importance of stopping racism. The proceeds from the marathon will help the affected racism victims around the world through the organizations planning. This agency has numerous branches all over America and all over the world. The main theme of the marathon is creating awareness on racism. Through the marathon, people will also appreciate the importance of alleviating racism since it has numerous impacts to a society. To highlight on the impacts, racism cause disintegration in a society. The disunity of the society affects numerous other activities of the society especially the developmental projects. Societies cannot develop well since the members do not appreciate each other’s role and position based on racism. It is in this respect that the society lags behind in terms of development. Through having joint public initiatives like this marathon, everyone in the society understand the importance of forgetting the racial differences and working together as one people. This marathon, therefore, is necessary to attend for individuals who seek to debunk the racism problem in the society. In many instances, an individual can be faced with a situation involving racial prejudice. This can be at the workplace, school or even at the church. When the individual is judged base on their race, they get psychological torture. They might feel that they have no place in the society and in some cases commit suicide. The case of racial segregation also develops hatred among different people of the society. The individuals start judging others on ethnic lines. From that perspective, the hatred is likely to develop into conflict. The conflict can further escalate to unprecedented levels. Affect this means that not only will the individuals involved but the whole community as a whole. Through the marathon, you will get to understand how to evade such situations. This would be an available activity for individuals who do not want to participate in the race. Racism also causes uncertainty among the members of a society. Everyone lives not sure of the other persons intention towards them they might feel that any action an individual does is directed to them. The state on uncertainty is not appropriate for the social health of the society (Jackson et al 15). The members do not interact freely and in a mutual interest way. It is in line with this that the race is purposed to bring together members from different races. Participants will get the chance to overcome their racial differences and compete in the marathon. The interaction among these members is a vital step to achieve a racism free country. Through the marathon, the participants will get the chance to prove their competency outside the realm of racism. For the participants who do not wish to participate in the race, various activities are also available to suit their needs on understanding racism. There would be centers where talks are held about racism. Similarly, there would be discussions on racism and its effects. The participants in these discussions are also expected to give some of the possible solutions to racism. The International Agency against Racism hopes that, through this marathon, everyone will have a

Friday, November 15, 2019

Gender Roles in Thailand

Gender Roles in Thailand Thailand is located in South East Asia where it is one of the oldest countries full of history and rich in culture and has been sustained for a long time, until the new globalization, it never has been colonized to other countries and has been affected by things such as religion, the senility system making younger people believe and listen to older people in the old principle and teachings. In the past Thai families have a lot of members and have very close relationships, most of the men are commonly known as a leader, working outside the home, but women are known as a follower, taking care of children and household chores. Even if nowadays the western culture makes Thai women have more freedom in human rights, working more outside the home and getting more opportunities in education, being more powerful and influential in politics and economics but because of the old cultures and Thai society men still have more effect and power and still have more advantages than women. First of all, if mentioned in Thai society as Thailand still keeps old cultures and traditions from the ancient time men went out because of the war women would stay home look after their children and families, responsible for all kinds of work on the farm as Thailand mainly produces from Agriculture. Also the senility is very important in Thailand, younger people listen to older people, child listen to their parents. Thai women still listen and believe in old principles that make Thai women stereotypes, and are very good at motherhood, love to take care of their children and families, good manners and follow their husbands as an old Thai saying, men are the front legs of the Elephant and women are the back. But according to this reason and in wedding ceremonies, the groom needs to prepare a bride-price as a gift to the brides parents in the ceremony as it has been hard work for looking after his future wife and shows the parents he has a good financial life, and can take care of the ir daughter in the future. In my opinion it seems parents sell their daughters, Thai guys are more concerned about making money rather than taking care of his wife and end up with men who possibly have several wives and still believe they can support or take care of all their wives and according to Ane (2004, p..130) The practice of keeping major wives (mia luang) and minor wife (mia noi) still exist today and when it comes to the wealthy, powerful or famous. On the other hand it will not be acceptable for women to have many husbands or even if some women remarried after divorce or the husband died, it is still unusual. In religion, most of Thai are Buddhist, a temple is the center for all activities of the Thai communities, Buddhist is very influential and dharma principle is very strict in Thai society for example women are forbidden to touch and stay privately with a monk or even if standing higher. All Thai men need to be ordained to learn Bhuddhist as a monk from the belief that they will get good virtue and via it show gratitude to their parents as well, because of Buddhist principles as explained, almost all activities in the temple driven by men and women will be responsible only in preparing foods and some cleaning, same as if they are in the house. From these reasons it makes some Thai men still believe they are a higher level than Thai women in addition to Ane, (2004, p.130) who gave an opinion that Buddhism is often blamed for inequalities women in Thailand endure. At the center of Thai culture, it is seen by some as a kind of framework for male domination. The Second mention in education. From the past, education begins from temples as there is a center of Thai culture and is taught by monks and Thai girls could not have education opportunities as boys because of the old culture and that Thai girls should learn households at home, but the system was changed after King Rama VI had studied from abroad and came up with the idea that Thai women should get education and human rights same as western women to help men develop the country. The king supported and built up schools and drove all issues necessary for example free education for children in primary schools both for male and female. Also the support from the government helps Thai people have free education in higher levels both in genders and Thai parents have more concern about the important things for getting good education as their children will get a good job and good life. Refer to Liza (2012, pp.54-55) have shown the figures from the world bank website, school enrolments for me n and women in percentage, the gender gap in primary and secondary school is decreasing rapidly from the past year 1971 to 1978 and almost the same percentage in year 1991 to 2009. On the other hand the percentage of women in the tertiary school is higher than men between year 1993-2009, that means Thai women can get education equally with men and have abilities to study higher level same as men. In the third mention in Economics and Careers, women become more influential in Economics and get more opportunities in the work place because they have more opportunities in education than they have more capacities and are able to work outside home higher than they would in the past, whereas men are more involved in the household chores and look after children instead. And also from the changing of Thai Economics, having more investments and industries effect to Thai people migrate to the big cities, women tend to work far from home than before, leaving their children with grandparents and believe they can better afford a life than staying home or working in upcountry. The women roles in the past still occur in some areas of Thailand where as Western culture still is far away but controlling family business and finances is always the common roles for Thai women even from the past until now, big or small families and even in the big city through upcountry that means Thai women are very influential in Thai Economics, more than men. In industry fields, Thai Men normally do more physical work or in heavier industries than women for example in construction, automotive and electronics but for Women more often work in the light industries for example in tourist, food production and textile industries. Because of Thai culture, religion believes and practice and also the Physical human body make most of Thai men still believe that they are higher, has abilities and work harder than women. Discrimination in working place still appear in some career according to the website the Nation news (June 27, 2012) has comment on unequally system between Thai men and women in the police and military officer. Thai women is still bad known in sex-trafficking even though its illegal in the country but still appear by some reasons such as from women immigration to the big city but too difficult to find normal job then it directs them get involved in this business. By another reason is some women go straight to do this business as they want to get easier money and Thai and Foreigner men still satisfy to pay. In my opinion, it same as normal market, it has demand and supply if dont have both then business cant be survive. Final mention in Politics, Thailand is a Democracy country with strong believe in Royal family. Thai women can vote and get in a politics position same as men and nowadays from more opportunities in higher Education, Thai women have more space and powerful in politics roles. Thailand has changed politics history and will have changed in Thai women roles following to Yinglak Shinawat is the first women Prime Minister, boost government and create a lot of campaigns to support and develop Thai women roles all over Thailand for example setting up women fund to every cities to help any activities and improve women life especially women in South of Thailand where as more Muslim culture. But other point of view, Yinglak Shinawat still get some comments about her abilities and the way to get into this power as she is a sister of Taksin Shinawat, ex-prime minister of Thailand. In conclusion, Thailand is still unequal between men and women from the reason of culture, religion and old practical, that make Thailand hard to change in the gender roles in short term. Also the new globalization effected to Thai women, need more education, more abilities and more responsibilities. It is hard thing for Thai women now that they need to be a good mother, good taking care of their family, working in households, control family financial and need to work outside home in the same time to be acceptable in Thai society and apply in new world effected from Western culture.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Environmental Factors :: essays research papers

Environmental Factors When a person is trying to place his or her seating, you have to acknowledge the four task situations (conversation, cooperation, coaction, and competition). When conversing with another person, you are most likely to sit directly across from each other. An example of conversation is when my roommate and I go eat. We do not sit side by side, unless somebody else is coming to eat with us. The opposite sitting arrangement to conversation is cooperation. During cooperation you are most likely to sit side by side because you are helping and showing each other useful information. Here on campus in the library, student union, lobbies of different departments were you could see cooperation at its best. I will use myself as an example because when I was a freshman and sophomore here at Appalachian State I had to go to study hall and get a tutor because of football. When I was getting tutored my tutor would not sit across the table from me she would sit beside of me because it felt like I was getting more out of the conversation. However, the Intimacy Level between two people helps depend on were you sit. If a couple is very intimate then they are likely to sit side by side. But if a couple is not intimate but friends they will sit across from one another. When my girlfriend and I go out on a date we will sit across from each other. But, when I am at work I see older couples in there forties, sitting next to each other. But a place were Intimacy is not involved is the clubs, because alcohol is involved. Alcohol can increase the intimacy level between two not intimate people. Another reason that makes people decisions are their seating arrangement is Personal and Personality differences. One example that I have seen is leadership. Leadership is seen everyday in our society. The leadership shows who is in charge of the situation at hand. You will see leadership in conferences, groups, meetings, classrooms when decision is involved, and at home at the dinner table. Also another example that I have is people who are extroverts. Extroverts tend to be outgoing, loud, talkable people. I am one of those people. So I see Extroversion everyday, an example is, â€Å"I went to pick up my car from south parking lot. I saw this girl that was so â€Å"fine†.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Curfew Violation Essay

Curfew laws vary from state to state or city to city. Teen laws in the state of Georgia often say that any child under the age of 18 can not be out past a certain time. Then again this law varies between the cities of Georgia. Curfew laws are set to help decrease the juvenile crime rates in the start of Georgia. These laws are also out to save minors from criminals. Certain fines and charges can be held against any teens that break this law. I have learned from experience that I will not break this law again. I understand that teens want to be out late because its summer and want to hang out with friends but you cant be out roaming the town without adult supervision unless you’re above the age of 18. Most people don’t see what the big deal of being out late because they don’t seem to be doing anything wrong but they are still breaking a law. Violating curfew laws can have a variety of possible outcomes. Juveniles often get a fine or ticket depending on how the police want to deal with it. Other outcomes are that you have to be on a watch by local authorities. Even though curfew isn’t really that big of a deal it is still a law that we have to abide by with no questions asked. Police departments handle the situation sometimes based on past violations or might let you off with a warning. To save yourself from violating this law, just make sure you are inside of a place or out of harms way. The reason behind this law is to keep minors safe. There are criminals out in the world to hurt minors and this law helps keep them safe. Teens that are out past curfew are in danger of getting into even more trouble besides violating the law for curfew. Curfew laws apply to certain people that can not be out past a certain time. It is important that

Friday, November 8, 2019

Quote vs. Quotation, Invite vs. Invitation

Quote vs. Quotation, Invite vs. Invitation Quote vs. Quotation, Invite vs. Invitation Quote vs. Quotation, Invite vs. Invitation By Maeve Maddox One of my college professors insisted that quote is a verb and quotation is a noun and never the twain shall meet. For example, a writer quotes from an author, but the quoted material is a quotation, never â€Å"a quote.† Although I still observe the distinction in my own writing, I have become aware that both the OED and Merriam-Webster recognize the use of quote as a noun. Most English words ending in -tion have French cognates, for example: information, confirmation, and position. Such words came into English in the Middle Ages from French. In M.E. the ending of these French borrowings was spelled -cioun; later the ending came to be spelled -tion in both languages. Through the centuries, many -tion words have lost their endings, and more are in the process of doing so. English words ending in -tion tend to lose the suffix when the first part of the word retains the word’s meaning without it. Here are some shortened -tion nouns that have become accepted into standard English: quote from quotation ID or I.D. from identification insert from insertion Here are some that the OED still labels colloquial or slang: invite from invitation info from information admin from administration prep from preparation promo from promotion (in the sense of publicity) ammo from ammunition NOTE: M-W does not agree with OED on all of the shortened -tion words. For example, while M-W labels the noun invite â€Å"chiefly dialectal,† it admits ammo as a standard word. OED does not have an entry for specs with the meaning specifications, but M-W has. Many speakers cringe when they hear or read invite used as a noun, but the tendency to drop -tion when the rest of the word is sufficiently meaningful without it, is strong in English. I may not like hearing invite used as a noun, but enough speakers use it that way for it to make a comeback. Yes, comeback: 1659  Ã‚   H. LEstrange Alliance Divine Offices 326  Ã‚   Bishop Cranmer..gives him an earnest invite to England. OED documentation. A second tendency with -tion words that I find it difficult to accept with equanimity concerns verbs. The function of the suffix -tion is to change a verb into a noun: examine/examination, locate/location, converse/conversation, interpret/interpretation. Some speakers, however, perhaps because they are not familiar with the underlying verb, create a new verb via back formation. For these speakers, orientation become orientate; interpretation becomes interpretate, and conversation becomes conversate. NOTE: Back-formation is the formation of what looks like a root-word from an already existing word which might be (but is not) a derivative of the former. Of the words I just listed, orientate has become standard in British English, but it is still regarded as nonstandard in American English. Interpretate does appear in the OED, but it is labelled â€Å"rare or obsolete†; the most recent example of its use is dated 1866. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Legs, Feet, and ToesDoes "Mr" Take a Period?20 Ways to Cry

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Free Essays on Marriage Sacrament

1. Today, the Roman Catholic Church believes that marriage is a sacrament, a â€Å"sacred sign, instituted by Christ to give grace† (Bernard Cooke). Yet, the social practice of marriage or union between people was not always deemed a sacrament. Discuss the history and development of the belief that marriage is a sacrament. What is the significance of calling marriage a sacrament? Do you feel that marriage is/can be a sacrament? Explain. (3-4 pages) Considering the extreme demands of marriage, making the promises of marriage is something that should not be taken lightly. Catholics who marry must have a deep understanding of God’s presence in marriage and the sacredness of the marriage covenant. In Christian marriage love between the spouses is such a fundamental block of marriage, that the marriage tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church has ruled that if love is missing from a marriage then that marriage is invalid. In the Palestinian Jewish marriage custom, marriage was regarded obligatory and was a covenant between two families. Earlier marriage between Christians did not involve any ceremony. Starting in the 4th Century when the Christians were free to practice their religion, bishops and priests were invited to wedding feasts and to bless the married couple. Ambrose was the first Christian churchman to write that no marriage should be dissolved for any reason and insisted that not even men had the right to remarry as long as their wives were alive. One of the converts of Ambrose; Augustine took up the firm stand on the permanence of marriage. On one hand Augustine considered marriage as a beneficial social institution, for the continuation of the human kind, but on the other hand he saw sexual desires as a dangerous and destructive human energy. According to Augustine, those who remained unmarried could successfully that was associated with sex. Augustine was understood Paul’s word â€Å"mysterion† to be â€Å"sacramentum† and t... Free Essays on Marriage Sacrament Free Essays on Marriage Sacrament 1. Today, the Roman Catholic Church believes that marriage is a sacrament, a â€Å"sacred sign, instituted by Christ to give grace† (Bernard Cooke). Yet, the social practice of marriage or union between people was not always deemed a sacrament. Discuss the history and development of the belief that marriage is a sacrament. What is the significance of calling marriage a sacrament? Do you feel that marriage is/can be a sacrament? Explain. (3-4 pages) Considering the extreme demands of marriage, making the promises of marriage is something that should not be taken lightly. Catholics who marry must have a deep understanding of God’s presence in marriage and the sacredness of the marriage covenant. In Christian marriage love between the spouses is such a fundamental block of marriage, that the marriage tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church has ruled that if love is missing from a marriage then that marriage is invalid. In the Palestinian Jewish marriage custom, marriage was regarded obligatory and was a covenant between two families. Earlier marriage between Christians did not involve any ceremony. Starting in the 4th Century when the Christians were free to practice their religion, bishops and priests were invited to wedding feasts and to bless the married couple. Ambrose was the first Christian churchman to write that no marriage should be dissolved for any reason and insisted that not even men had the right to remarry as long as their wives were alive. One of the converts of Ambrose; Augustine took up the firm stand on the permanence of marriage. On one hand Augustine considered marriage as a beneficial social institution, for the continuation of the human kind, but on the other hand he saw sexual desires as a dangerous and destructive human energy. According to Augustine, those who remained unmarried could successfully that was associated with sex. Augustine was understood Paul’s word â€Å"mysterion† to be â€Å"sacramentum† and t...

Monday, November 4, 2019

I chose hospice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

I chose hospice - Essay Example In some circumstances it may appear like declaring a death sentence to a patient yet the patient and the family members have a right to know the disease prognosis (Zieske & Abbott, 2011). There are ethical dilemmas that affect me in my daily activities; for example, I will be concerned and may not administer morphine to a patient who always complains of pain because of the possible respiratory depression. This can lead to respiratory collapse and death, but the dilemma I will be facing is, if I should leave the patient to writhe in pain and agony. Another ethical dilemma I face in practice is, when a patient refuses to get parenteral nutritional support what should I do? It is by law that a nurse should respect patient rights while providing care, but it will be unethical to avoid giving the patient food, which helps in body function and healing (McMahon, 2011). To overcome some of the ethical dilemmas, I usually endeavour to be well equipped with the necessary knowledge regarding the legal impacts of my actions. This provides guidance in my practice without subjecting myself into legal jeopardy. In addition I utilise moral reasoning and development in the current milieu in solving the complex ethical issues that the I face in my daily activities as hospice providers (Williams, Shuster, Clay, & Burgio, 2010). Understanding the jurisprudence surrounding the legal and ethical dilemmas as described by Guido (2013) is thus paramount in averting the issues during my daily practice. Williams, C. J., Shuster, J. L., Clay, O. J., & Burgio, K. L. (2010). Interest in research participation among hospice patients, caregivers, and ambulatory senior citizens: practical barriers or ethical constraints? Journal of Palliative Medicine, 9,

Friday, November 1, 2019

Festival and event organisation of your choice Essay - 1

Festival and event organisation of your choice - Essay Example in the globe and has evolved from an agricultural festival to become a large-scale activity characterized by entertainment and activities on a large scale for the last two centuries. Conversely, the historical aspects of the Bavarian culture still exist and are currently celebrated as rituals as well as traditional experiences with the expansion of cultures resulting in the introduction of inventive and challenging ideologies at the yearly trademark festival. Each year, almost six million individuals visit the Theresienwiesn to drink beer together, relish the traditional German delicacies and dance to music throughout the day (Schulte-Peevers, 2010, p. 314). Seven hundred beer tents as well as trading booths can be found in the Oktoberfest grounds, along with fourteen dedicated tents which are constructed based on particular themes such as the flirt tent that can hold up to ten thousand people. Among the exceptional characteristics of Oktoberfest is that regardless of the fact that t here are no marketing or sponsorships, this huge event continues to be successful with a high degree of economic stability (Stephenson, Mintzer and Stephenson, 2008, p. 274). Oktoberfest came into existence for the first time in 1810 as a means of honoring the marriage of Ludwig, who was a Bavarian crown prince (Yeoman, 2004, p. 34). These events occurred four years after Bavaria had become a Kingdom with the traditional festival being employed to develop a dynasty of the new Bavaria and the promotion of Munich. Traditionally, the last week of Oktoberfest was in October and this tradition is still being used in the present times (Schulenkorf, 2008, p. 3). Horse races that were incorporated into the first Oktoberfest festivals and at one time the most popular activity during the festival are not held in the present (Hall and Sharples, 2008, p. 174). However, agricultural shows, which were also an attraction in the past, are still held every three years as Oktoberfest progresses in the

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

INTOSANA GmbH internship report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

INTOSANA GmbH internship report - Essay Example During this year’s internship program, I was assigned to help in developing the marketing strategy of the company especially through online marketing promotion. In addition, I was tasked to perform a market analysis on a specific target group which turned out to be a vital source of information for the company. With these accomplishments, I did not only able to fulfill my duty as an intern but also contributed to the overall growth of the company. In fact, during the entire internship period, I was able to help them get 15 more clients through my work in marketing strategy. Having worked for eight hours a day in two months, I have fully performed my task and prepared to document my working journey. As such, the purpose of this paper is to primarily recount my internship experiences at Intosana GmbH – my role in the company, the contributions I have made, and the lessons learned from the internship experience. First, the description of the organization will reveal the co mpany’s organizational structure and the role I played in the company. From this, an analysis of my experience will showcase my learnings in business and management. Lastly, I will present a personal evaluation of my experiences to showcase my insights about the entire experience. As a nursing care service facility, Intosana GmbH is a company that primarily provides home care service to the elderly. Having started its operation only in November 2010, the company envisions to expand and to improve its services in Berlin and eventually all over Germany. The company’s growth revolves around its mission which states that it aims to willingly provide assistance and advice to its clients. On its website, the company promotes its reliability by providing â€Å"all levels of care† and cooperating with doctors, pharmacists, medical suppliers, and other service providers to meet the needs of its clients. Moreover, the company prides itself in having a nursing team that is â€Å"qualified, reliable, friendly, and motivated† to assure the clients of round-the-clock service, attention, and care. Specifically, it provides basic care such as meal preparation, pulse checks, washing and catering service. It also provides domestic assistance such as cleaning the client’s residence and home visits by doctors and medical personnel. Aside from medical care, it also organizes services such as contact with support groups, newspaper services, emergency call service and physiotherapy. According to the company, the selection process for their staff involves an emphasis of both technical and interpersonal skills that will contribute to the company’s growth. Also, these qualities are expected to boost the teamwork within the staffs and groups in the company. Additionally, it believes that every employee has â€Å"an independent personality† which means that the company deals with its staff individually. The company further emphasized its s taff being â€Å"courteous and friendly† to its clients. This is mainly attributed to Intosana GmbH’s belief that it treats an individual as a whole, and not as a sick person. My Work Description For two months, I worked eight hours a day at Intosana GmbH from March 1 up to April 30, 2012. My work task involves helping the company improve and develop its marketing strategy to attract more clients and expand its operation in Berlin. Specifically, my role

Monday, October 28, 2019

The Pepsi Carbonated Soft Drink Consumer Demand Promotion Essay Example for Free

The Pepsi Carbonated Soft Drink Consumer Demand Promotion Essay A strategic plan for PepsiCo North America is hereby proposed as follows for the geographical region of the national United States for the Pepsi Soda Product promotion to consumers between the ages of 12 through 18 years of age. It will utilize a pull strategy through the distribution channels to stimulate demand for the Pepsi carbonated soft drink to the end users as defined to maintain Pepsi’s younger generation of consumers over the next two decades. The strategic plan will consist of a strategic alliance with The Walt Disney Company coupled with a pop star endorsement by Hannah Montana and Kanye West with multiple promotion communication channels and strategies over the next two (2) years. The primary competitor, Coca-Cola, has been entrenched in the North American beverage market and is most commonly consumed by older generations. As such, Pepsi has been typically been targeted to a younger audience. As the ‘Pepsi Generation’ ages, PepsiCo North America should take proactive marketing action into the younger audiences to maintain the younger generations of soft drink consumption for decades to come. The Company History and Related Companies 1 PepsiCo (herein referred to as the ‘Parent Company’) was founded in 1965 via the merger of two major corporations, Pepsi-Cola and Frito Lay. Subsequently in 1998, Tropicana was acquired to add the family of brands under PepsiCo. In 2001, the Parent Company made yet another bold step in the merger with The Quaker Oats Company, which also then included the Gatorade Company. Notwithstanding the Parent Company being relatively young, several of the brand names under the PepsiCo umbrella have been in existence for over 100 years. Through the multiple brand acquisitions and developments PepsiCo is now a leading conglomerate owning significant market control and brand equity in consumer convenience foods and beverages. â€Å"PepsiCo brands are available in nearly 200 countries and territories and generate sales at the retail level of about $92 billion† (PepsiCo, 2007). Sales volumes are measured on the retail level to show success of the manufacturing due to the Parent Company utilizing a pull strategy for its multiple divisions and product lines with a combination of a push strategy. The current headquarters are located in Purchase, New York. The multiple corporations within the PepsiCo Family are Frito-Lay North America, PepsiCo Beverages North America, PepsiCo International, and Quaker Foods North America. Frito-Lay North America markets and sells to the subject geographical regions the following well known brands of convenience foods: Fritos, Lays, Cheetos, Ruffles, Doritos, Rold Gold, Tostitos, Sunchips, Munchies, Crackerjack, Go Snacks, Quaker Fruit and Oatmeal Bars, Quakers Corn and Rice Snacks, and even more. While Frito-Lay North America sells to business, its end user is a consumer who has demand for a snack food, or convenience food. These are typically found in grocery stores, gas stations, small markets, vending machines, public schools, and several other distribution channels. Several of these products are facing new market changes including a health conscious consumer movement. Thus, a great diversification of product lines within the PepsiCo Family is The Quaker Oats Company, merged in 2001, just on the cusp of the health conscious movement. Brands include Quaker Oats products, Aunt Jemima products, and Rice-a-Roni products. The Gatorade brand rights are legally owned by this Corporation, yet it is sold and marketed through PepsiCo Beverages North America. PepsiCo International markets and sells the North American product brands abroad, and in additional markets and sells the Mirinda, Walkers, Sabritas, Gamesa, etc. and several others in multiple countries (over 200). Each of these subsets of brands are developments of unique products tailored to each geographical culture it is marketed to. The focused Corporation of the subject strategic proposal is PepsiCo Beverages North America. This company was originally founded in 1898 by a North Carolina druggist. PepsiCo Beverages North America (herein referred to as the ‘Company’) sells several brands of consumer beverages in the United States and Canada. The various beverage products span through carbonated soft drinks, juices, readymade teas, isotonic sports drinks, bottled water, and enhanced waters. Several established brands include Diet Pepsi, Mountain Dew, Gatorade, Tropicana products, Aquafina Water, Sierra Mist, Mug, Propel, Sobe, and Dole. Refer to the Competitor Analysis section for in depth product information and listings. Outside of manufacturing and selling bottled products, the Company manufactures and sells concentrates for some of the above mentioned brand name beverage products to licensed bottlers. The Company has also established strategic partnerships with Lipton and Starbucks to create, market, and sell ready to drink Lipton tea brands and bottled ready to drink Starbucks Frappuccino drinks. These are two very powerful example of a co-branding strategic partnership. Industry Analysis of the Beverages Market 4. Soft drinks can be divided into carbonated and non-carbonated drinks. Cola, lemon and oranges are carbonated drinks category. The carbonated soft drink market has been challenged by a health consciousness movement within American consumers. Health consciousness is a very strong growing trend in America, and has created an organic movement within the drink and food industries. Within the last five years ending in 2006, the soft drink market in the United States has experienced 0. 0% growth due to this factor. Since 1975 the overall growth rate of soft drink market has been slowing. (Figure_1) As this provides a constraint on new market opportunities, it does not constrict maintaining a similar level of revenue or slightly improving it. As the current consumer market continues to age, it is expected there exists a certain level of retention to Pepsi consumption until a specific age when it is recommended by a doctor not to consume a soft drink. Given Pepsi’s position in terms of product placement within demographics, it holds the youth market when compared with Coke. As growth slows, the youth markets must continually be targeted to maintain the consumption level of Pepsi as new consumers enter the market of soft drink consumption, and other age out of it. This strategy will over a long period of time prove to gain market share of domestic soft drink consumption over Coke, while being offset by a slowing of the overall consumption. Figure 1 [pic][pic] The subject proposal is targeted to use a pull strategy through the distribution channels, and is therefore focused on the end user, or consumer segment of the market. Notwithstanding, the industry overall (primarily Pepsi and Coke as outlined herein below) does not only sell directly to consumers. A very prevalent distribution channel is through licensed bottlers and restaurant chains. A very strong business to business transactional distribution channel exists in the soft drink industry, and in fact 22. 6% of all soft drink volumes are sold in a syrup for fountain soda. This is 100% business to business within the scope of these transactions. The remaining 77. 4% of packaged soft drink volume comprises primarily of business to business transactions to retailer and bottling companies. (Figure_2) While PepsiCo Beverages North America does not directly sell to consumers primarily, the subject proposal will stimulate demand for the product at the end user level, and therefore result in more business to business sales in order to meet that demand. PepsiCo Inc. and Coke-cola Co. have dominated the carbonated soft drink industry in North America since they first entered this market. They continue to compete with each other for market share for centuries. Therefore, some experts conclude that the soft drink market is an oligopoly or even a duopoly between Pepsi and Coke. 5 By the year of 2006, PepsiCo has the leading share (26%) of U. S. liquid refreshment beverage market, followed by Coca-Cola which has taken 23% of market share as indicated in the left chart. Cadbury Schweppes, another big rival on the bottled soft drink shelves, obtained 10% by acquiring key brands in the US, namely Dr. Pepper, Seven Up, and Canada Dry. SWOT Analysis |Strength |Weakness | |Branding and packaging |Hard to enter markets occupied by Coca-Cola | |Appealing to young generation |Lack of novelty in advertising | |Superior Taste (in Blind Tests) | | |Many distributions | | |Opportunities |Threats | |Global markets |Health Conscious Consumer Trends | |Additional Youth Consumers entering the market |More substitutes | â€Å"Manifesting brand essence through packaging is powerful at retail,† declares Ron Pence, Pepsi Senior Marketing Manager for packaging innovation. Youth and vitality is the main idea that the Pepsi brand tries to express, and the bottle design helps the brand associate with teens at the age between 12 to 18 year old. Pepsi restyles its cans with a series of 35 new designs and different themes such as car culture, sport or fashion. On Pepsi website, each theme has its own video clips which can be downloaded for free and other features to attract consumers with the purpose of representing the â€Å"fun, optimistic and youthful spirit â€Å"of Pepsi. The natural tendency of young generation is to rival with old generations. Pepsi also use â€Å"music, which was traditional weapon of teenager to show their rebellion approach†. 7 Besides, a blind test conducted by Pepsi was performed in shopping malls, grocery stores and other public locations, in which consumers were asked to pick the soft drink they liked better, without knowing whether the cola they tasted was Coke or Pepsi. As results came in, 57% of testers chose Pepsi and only 43% chose Coke. It became apparent that Pepsi tastes better than Coke. 14 In addition, Pepsi products are distributed to many outlets. For example, supermarkets where Pepsi buys large shelf area and display areas so the customer can find them easier, Convenience stores, gas stations, restaurants, movie theaters and almost and other conceivable spot. Pepsi is now sold in more than 160 countries around the globe, but it still has a weakness in the international beverage market because it entered later into this arena than Coke. Pepsi has tried to enter this market by trying to do in three years what took Coke 50 years to do. Nevertheless, Pepsi has to spend years â€Å"to mature simply due to Coke’s dominance in the international market and the strong ties that Coke has developed with these markets and their governments. †15 Additionally, when marketing its products, Pepsi utilize celebrity endorsement mostly which bored some consumers due to lack of novelty. Conversely, the success of fresh and creative advertise has consistently helped Coco-Cola attract and retain customers. The world is becoming a smaller place with investors thinking in terms of sectors rather than geographic boundaries. Broad global markets, like China, India, can provide lots of opportunities for Pepsi. We may conclude from the tables on the right that in 2004, 63% PepsiCo’s profits come from the United States 8, and in the same year, the U. S. holds 30. 90% of the global market share under Europe (showed in the table below), which means Pepsi still has opportunities to compete globally. Moreover, as Pepsi targets young generation, additional youth consumers enter the market every year, which provides Pepsi adequate consumer base. For these decades, changing societal concerns, attitudes, and lifestyles become important trends that force the soft drink industry’s business environment to change. Growing health concerns for caffeine and sugar consumption threatens the carbonated industry. The large amounts of sugar, fat, and acid contained in cola will lead to heart disease, vascular diseases, osteoporosis or tooth decay. On the other hand, many other companies have tried to enter the carbonated industry, but they face high barriers, such as lawsuits and tough competition. Some of these companies end with searching for entering the noncarbonated soft drink industry for growth. Consequently, some consumers will turn to noncarbonated soft drink, such as bottled water, teas, instead of soda. Environmental scan of today’s carbonated beverage marketplace A quick glance at today’s beverage marketplace indicates an increasing amount of beverage alternatives in the market. As such, these beverage companies must understand the various factors that can help them succeed or fail. For instance, the increased awareness of the importance of health has significant influence on soft drink industry. Since most soft beverages comprises of unhealthy ingredients including High Fructose Corn Syrup, the beverage industry faces an incredible threat to their reputation and sales. Therefore, developing consumer-preferred products that can become an integral element in consumers’ daily lives has become an essential issue for beverage industry. Possible environmental factors are as follows:  ¦ Social environment ? In 2004, 28 percent of all beverages consumed in the U. S. were carbonated soft drinks. In the United States, 450 different types are sold and more than 2. 5 million vending machines dispense them around the clock, including in elementary and high schools. ? As consumers focus more on health and nutritional benefits of food items, it has sparked a key new driver in trends throughout the beverage industry. The result is the decrease in sales of carbonated beverages.  ¦ Competitive environment ? Monopolistic competition: PepsiCo. , The Coca-Cola Company, Cadbury Schweppes ? The entire beverage industry, including but not limited to bottled water, juice, other carbonated beverages, and ready-to-drink tea. ? Recent growth and demand of sports and energy drinks.  ¦ Regulatory environment ? In response to weight gaining and health concerns, the nation’s largest beverage makers including Cadbury Schweppes, PepsiCo. and The Coca-Cola Company agreed in May 2006 to halt nearly all soda sales in public schools. Beginning in 2009, elementary and middle schools will sell only water and juice (with no added sweeteners), plus fat-free and low-fat milk. High schools will sell water, juice, sports drinks and diet soda. Diet sodas use artificial sweeteners, which add little or no calories, though some, such as aspartame, have been embroiled in controversy for years over their questionable health benefits and even possible links to cancer. Obviously, Pepsi is facing not only the transition of customer perception but also the regulation stress. Besides, it always has it big and powerful competitor, The Coca-Cola Company. Under this circumstance, strategy and innovation become the top issue of Pepsi. 16 Competitor Analysis The table below displays the various brands between PepsiCo. and The Coca-Cola Company. It appears that for every product on the market from one company, the other company has an similar product to match it. This demonstrates the intense compeititve nature of both companies to keep up or outwit the competition. [pic] Differential Advantage The Coca-Cola Company has the distinct advantage of being the most recoginzed brand in the world. It is considered the classic beverage in the United States as well as in other countires. In fact, when Coca-Cola decided to change its forumula dubed â€Å"New Coke† in response to Pepsi’s emergence, public outraged roared throughout the nation. Fearing mass boycott, the original Coke formula was quickly reinstated to satisfy the demands of the public under the name â€Å"Coca-Cola Classic†. Revered as the classic beverage, Coke enjoys the stature of being the market leader. Coke appeals to a wide global audience in terms of demographics and popularity. One side effect of being the â€Å"classic† choice leads to a larger share of older consumers. PepsiCo. appeals to younger consumers with a more sweeter taste compared to Coke. Pepsi presents itself as the hip and cool alternative choice over Coke. This is edvient in the deep blue hues and patterns that Pepsi takes advantage of in its marketing compaigns. Pepsi’s younger image is also aided by celebrities endorsement touted by the teen market including Britney Spears, ‘NSync, along with popular rappers. Self-proclaimed as â€Å"The Choice of a New Generation†, Pepsi devised television commericials of younger consumers participating in blind taste tests. The participants frequently perferred Pepsi over Coke. Eventually, PepsiCo. began hiring popular celebraties to promote their products. Resource Analysis The Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company’s flagship product, Coke, is sold in stores, restaurants and vending machines in more than 200 countries. Originally developed as a medicine in the late 19th centry by John Pemberton, it has evolved into a dominating figure in the soft drink market throughout the 20th century. The Coca-Cola Company licenses worldwide bottlers who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company. Cola cncentrate is sold to these bottlers who them produce the finished cola in cans and glass bottles while using filtered water and various sweeteners. The finished product is then sold, distributed, and merchandised to retail stores and vending machines. Coca-Cola Enterprises is currently the single largest Coca-Cola bottler in North America, Australia, Asia, and Europe. In addition to licensing to bottlers, the company sells the concentrate to major restaurants and food service distributors for use in fountain drinks. The Coca-Cola Company envision a world in which†¦ They improve the lives in every community that they touch. They replenish each drop of water that they use. Their packaging is no longer seen as waste, but as a valuable resource for future use. Workplace rights are protected and all people are respected. They work in partnership with others to provide good jobs, world class quality beverages and a healthy environment. PepsiCo The Pepsi Cola Company started in 1898 in Purchase, New York. It became known as PepsiCo when it merged with Frito Lay in 1965. PepsiCo owned Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, and Taco Bell up until 1997 when they were spun off into Tricon Global Restaurants – which eventually became Yum! Brands, Inc. In 1998 and 2001, PepsiCo purchased Tropicana and Quaker Oats, respectively. PepsiCo, a global American beverage and snack company, manufactures, markets, and sells a variety of carbonated and non-carbonated beverages, as well as salty, sweet and grain-based snacks, and other foods. PepsiCo also manufactures Quaker Oats, Gatorade, Frito-Lay, SoBe, and Tropicana. (Figure_3) In several ways, PepsiCo differs from its competitor, The Coca-Cola Company, having almost three times as many employees. The Pepsi Bottling Group was formed for distribution and bottling. Figure 3 [pic] Mission Statement: We aspire to make PepsiCo the world’s premier consumer products company, focused on convenient foods and beverages. We seek to produce healthy financial rewards to investors as we provide opportunities for growth and enrichment to our employees, our business partners and the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we strive to act with honesty, openness, fairness and integrity. Values: Sustained Growth is fundamental to motivating and measuring our success. Our quest for sustained growth stimulates innovation, places a value on results, and helps us understand whether actions today will contribute to our future. It is about growth of people and company performance. It prioritizes making a difference and getting things done. Empowered People means we have the freedom to act and think in ways that we feel will get the job done, while being consistent with the processes that ensure proper governance and being mindful of the rest of the company’s needs. Responsibility and Trust form the foundation for healthy growth. It’s about earning the confidence that other people place in us as individuals and as a company. Our responsibility means we take personal and corporate ownership for all we do, to be good stewards of the resources entrusted to us. We build trust between ourselves and others by walking the talk and being committed to succeeding together. [pic] [pic][pic] Based on the pie chart above, PepsiCo and Coca-Cola have roughly the same market share in the United States. Finacial Analysis Brief Overview [pic] Overall, PepsiCo trumps The Coca-Cola Company in many financial categories – largly in part from PepsiCo’s wide array of products throughout 4 divisions: ? PepsiCo International ? Frito-Lay North America ? PepsiCo Beverages North America ? Quaker Foods North America Egg Diagram [pic] Analysis of the Target Market Consumers 3 |Who are they? |Teenagers between age of 12 and 18 in U. S. | |What do they buy? |Teens want to buy something real, something from â€Å"corporations | | |that remind them of themselves†10. They don’t want things that | | |they are thought to like. They something that pushes the | | |boundary, different than what they had before. | |When do they buy it? |When teens find something they can identify with and have the | | |need that must be satisfied immediately. | |How do they choose? |They quickly dismiss the products that look like some 45-year-old| | |guy trying to sell them something. They easily recognize the old | | |product that was yesterday’s news. They can tell what’s being | | |â€Å"fake† and what’s being â€Å"real†10 | |Why they prefer a product? |They pick a product because they believe that product can express| | |themselves13. They can relate to someone like themselves through | | |this product. | |How they respond to a marketing program? |They respond to something catchy. For example those ads in | | |magazine are brightly colorful10, the flashy graphics suggest | | |that teens respond well to that type of ad campaign; in | | |cyberspace they respond to a space created uniquely for them12. | | |They also respond well to products on sales. | The target consumer market to stimulate demand within is the young teen market between the ages 12 through 18 years old, geographically located within the United States. This segment is compiled of the â€Å"Tween† market and the older high school teenagers. â€Å"Tweens develop sophisticated tastes beyond their years, with boys gravitating toward electronic, Internet, and video games, and girls preferring fashion and social interaction components† (Abernathy, 2004). With the technology age with computers and increasing demanding academic environment, tweens and teens have less disposable time, and therefore product advertising attention is often tuned out. â€Å"Tweens spend their own money today: on average, $9 a week. Some experts estimate tweens have close to $80 a week in disposable income available to them†¦ Overall, the tween market is valued at $43 billion† (Abernathy, 2004). Beyond the tween market, the teenage high school student will sometimes hold a part time job, and have more independent tendencies. All in all, the 2000 U. S. Census estimates the U. S. population between the ages of 10 through 19 years old to be approximately 40. 6 million individuals. The goal of researching the target consumer is to accurately pinpoint the consumer behavior in regards to our product. According to our finding, these teens and â€Å"Tweens† are constantly searching for identities at their age. The most effective way of appealing our product to them is to find a common ground. For example, there are various reasons why teens and â€Å"Tweens† idolize certain celebrity. One of them is that they can find bit and pieces of themselves in their celebrity idol. After all, who doesn’t like to see himself/herself being a celebrity? So no matter what the product is, as long as it possesses characteristic of the identity the teens and â€Å"Tweens† are searching for, they will make the purchase. The teens and â€Å"Tweens† are still very young. They have very vivid imagination and are highly visual. Therefore they are attracted to colorful pictures in the magazines. It is usual for them to just look at the pretty pictures in the magazine without reading the articles that supplement pictures. According to the finding, these target consumers prefer products that are â€Å"real†. By â€Å"real† they mean the manufacture genuinely create this product specifically for them, at least it should appears to be. Since Pepsi Cola is basically for everyone, making it appears to be special to teens and â€Å"tweens† are very important. These consumers prefer individuality. Such preference is reflected in the finding that they are constantly in search for a product that expresses themselves. The last thing these consumers wants is pressure or stereotype that sometimes appears on the commercial and magazine ads. Strategic Action Plan. The strategic alliance with Walt Disney will initially consist of (i) concert support of and promotions at several of Hannah Montana’s concerts throughout the United States, (ii) Pepsi promotion via seamless advertisement within the Hannah Montana aired shows by having characters refresh themselves with Pepsi and also have Pepsi signs in the background, and (iii) a sparingly aired Pepsi commercial endorsed by Hannah Montana to be promoted via the ABC channel network (a Disney owned network). A future alliance holds the possibility of future benefits through Disney media networks and consumption at theme parks and resorts. The concert support will come with signs at the live shows and events, Pepsi sales at the concerts, and Pepsi commercial promotions on the concert screens at intermission. There will also be a special promotional event of Pepsi Challenge tasting at the Pepsi center, which was previously near sell out for Hannah Montana. The seamless advertisement on the Hannah Montana show will consist of the characters drinking Pepsi as refreshment in a natural environment along with Pepsi signs in the background of the sets. This will continue for two (2) years during the strategic partnership, and be maintained on a very subtle level in the productions. Twice a year over the two (2) year period ABC (A Disney owned network) will air a Pepsi commercial of a music video of Hannah Montana singing the Pepsi Theme song. As part of the strategic alliance, Disney is giving a low market rate for airing over the network. ABC has been topping the charts with hit series and has been expanding viewer base considerably over the past decade. The Denver Post summarized the market impact this pop idol holds as: â€Å"When an episode of Hannah Montana followed the debut of High School Musical 2 this fall, the movie sequel got all the buzz, but the episode of Hannah Montana averaged 10. 7 million viewers the highest ratings for a regular series in the history of basic cable. The Disney Channels 90 million subscribers can watch Hannah Montana daily, sometimes as often as seven times a day. An average 2. 2 million viewers see each episode. The show also airs weekly on ABCs Saturday morning block, and is licensed in 177 countries. Of course HM is available around the clock as streaming video on computers and on iTunes. Compared to the ratings of all shows on U. S. television, Hannah Montana is second only to American Idol among kids 6-11 and tweens† 2 (Ostrow, 2007). Utilizing Walt Disney’s ‘tween’ star Hannah Montana for endorsement will provide awareness and positive associations with the Pepsi brand of carbonated soft drink. This pop star idle will build significant brand equity within the demographics of young females between the applicable ages of 12 through 15 years old. This will predictably improve vending machine sales at middle schools and high schools, as well as sales at grocery stores for their respective homes. It will also build repertoire with the respective mothers who also attend the concerts and watch the shows. The mothers of the daughters are in fact the ultimate purchasers (and also partially the ultimate consumers in some cases) of the product, while their daughters are the influencers and ultimate consumers. The daughters of families will typically have a greater influence over the parents as purchasers in American families more so than comparable aged boys. This is primarily due to the value system of the parents to typically spend more attention and money on the daughters of the family, as young females are seen to need more care. This depicts why Hannah Montana is a highly effective endorsement for Pepsi within this demographic. This strategic relationship with Walt Disney will provide the future potential for a stronger partnership with Walt Disney, thereby opening the possibility of Pepsi consumption within the theme parks and resorts, while opening a powerful media network to younger audiences for future promotion channels. Kanye West will build brand equity in the male teen market between the applicable ages of 14 through 18 years old. A male target of the upper teen years is deemed more effective, due to males in their teens practicing habits of independence and having allowances for spending. His aired TV commercial will be on ABC similar to Hannah Montana, however it will be aired three times a year over the two (2) year period. The commercial content will be his version of a Pepsi theme. Works Cited 1 Overview: Company History (2007). PepsiCo Corporate Website. Retrieved October 28, 2007 from http://www. pepsico. com/PEP_Company/Overview/index. cfm. 2 Ostrow, Joanne (Oct. 19, 2007). ‘Disney Wields Its Marketing Magic. ’ Denver Post. Retrieved October 29, 2007 from http://www. commercialfreechildhood. org/news/disneyweilds. htm. 3 Abernathy, R. W. (November, 2004). Tween Market 101. TD Monthly. Retrieved October 29, 2007 from http://www. toydirectory. com/monthly/article. asp? id=918. 4 The Beverage Marketing Corporation (August, 2007). 2007 Carbonated Soft Drinks in the U. S. Retrieved October 29, 2007 from http://www. beveragemarketing. com/reportcatalog3f. html. 5 Industry Analysis: Soft Drinks. Meghan Deichert, Meghan Ellenbecker, Emily Klehr, Leslie Pesarchick, Kelly Ziegler. Strategic Management in a Global Context February 22, 2006 from https://www. csbsju. edu/library/local/5thYear/zeigler_paper. pdf 6 PepsiCo. Performance with Purpose (2006). PepsiCo Corporate Website. From http://www. pepsico. com/PEP_Investors/AnnualReports/06/PepsiCo2006Annual. pdf 7 Kumar, Arvind. Finding weakness in the competitor strength. From http://business. articlesarchive. net/finding-weakness-in-the-competitor-strength. html 8 Murray, Barbara. (2006b). Pepsi Co. Hoovers. Retrieved February 13, 2006, from http://premium. hoovers. com/subscribe/co/profile. xhtml? ID=11166 9 Datamonitor (2005, May). Global Soft Drinks: Industry Profile. New York. Reference Code: 0199-0802. 10 http://www. inc. com/magazine/20001201/21117_pagen_3. html 11http://www. clickz. com/3334641 12www.ala. org/ala/pla/plaevents/nationalconf/program/thursdayprograms/mrbibliography. doc 13 www. marketingprofs. com/2/kewl. asp 14 Sampson Lee (Nov 21, 2007). Coke or Pepsi? From http://www. gccrm. com/eng/content_details. jsp? contentid=2073subjectid=101 15 Pepsi cola from http://www. freeessays. cc/db/11/bmu315. shtml 16 Larry West, What is the Problem with Soft Drinks? About. Com website, from http://environment. about. com/od/health/a/soft_drinks. htm |Team 5 | |Chen, Szuhua (Twiggy) | |Xiong, Xitao (Helen) | |Ma, Johnny | |Tsang, Man | |Dwyer, Michael | Figure_2.